PlantUML Language specification Sequence Diagram

       

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Sequence diagram

• Text in, diagram out. The source is the single point of truth, what you read is what gets rendered.
• Easy to edit. Adjust a line of text instead of dragging boxes around.
• Quick to iterate. Live preview tools render as you type, so you catch mistakes early.

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Basic Examples

@startuml Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response Alice -> Bob: Another authentication Request Alice <-- Bob: Another authentication Response @enduml

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Declaring participant

• actor
• boundary
• control
• entity
• database
• collections
• queue

@startuml participant Participant as Foo actor Actor as Foo1 boundary Boundary as Foo2 control Control as Foo3 entity Entity as Foo4 database Database as Foo5 collections Collections as Foo6 queue Queue as Foo7 Foo -> Foo1 : To actor Foo -> Foo2 : To boundary Foo -> Foo3 : To control Foo -> Foo4 : To entity Foo -> Foo5 : To database Foo -> Foo6 : To collections Foo -> Foo7: To queue @enduml

@startuml actor Bob #red ' The only difference between actor 'and participant is the drawing participant Alice participant "I have a really\nlong name" as L #99FF99 /' You can also declare: participant L as "I have a really\nlong name" #99FF99 '/ Alice->Bob: Authentication Request Bob->Alice: Authentication Response Bob->L: Log transaction @enduml

@startuml participant Last order 30 participant Middle order 20 participant First order 10 @enduml

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Declaring participant on multiline

@startuml participant Participant [ =Title ---- ""SubTitle"" ] participant Bob Participant -> Bob @enduml

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Use non-letters in participants

@startuml Alice -> "Bob()" : Hello "Bob()" -> "This is very\nlong" as Long ' You can also declare: ' "Bob()" -> Long as "This is very\nlong" Long --> "Bob()" : ok @enduml

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Message to Self

@startuml Alice -> Alice: This is a signal to self.\nIt also demonstrates\nmultiline \ntext @enduml

@startuml Alice <- Alice: This is a signal to self.\nIt also demonstrates\nmultiline \ntext @enduml

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Text alignment

@startuml skinparam sequenceMessageAlign right Bob -> Alice : Request Alice -> Bob : Response @enduml

Text of response message below the arrow

@startuml skinparam responseMessageBelowArrow true Bob -> Alice : hello Bob <- Alice : ok @enduml

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Change Actor style

• an awesome man with the skinparam actorStyle awesome command;
• a hollow man with the skinparam actorStyle hollow command.

Stick man (by default)

@startuml actor Alice actor Bob Alice -> Bob : hello hide footbox @enduml

Awesome man

@startuml skinparam actorStyle awesome actor Alice actor Bob Alice -> Bob : hello hide footbox @enduml

Hollow man

@startuml skinparam actorStyle Hollow actor Alice actor Bob Alice -> Bob : hello hide footbox @enduml

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Change arrow style

• add a final x to denote a lost message
• use \ or / instead of < or > to have only the bottom or top part of the arrow
• repeat the arrow head (for example, >> or //) head to have a thin drawing
• use -- instead of - to have a dotted arrow
• add a final "o" at arrow head
• use bidirectional arrow <->

@startuml Bob ->x Alice Bob -> Alice Bob ->> Alice Bob -\ Alice Bob \\- Alice Bob //-- Alice Bob ->o Alice Bob o\\-- Alice Bob <-> Alice Bob <->o Alice @enduml

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Change arrow color

@startuml Bob -[#red]> Alice : hello Alice -[#0000FF]->Bob : ok @enduml

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Message sequence numbering

@startuml autonumber Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response @enduml

@startuml autonumber Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response autonumber 15 Bob -> Alice : Another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Another authentication Response autonumber 40 10 Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response @enduml

@startuml autonumber "<b>[000]" Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response autonumber 15 "<b>(<u>##</u>)" Bob -> Alice : Another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Another authentication Response autonumber 40 10 "<font color=red><b>Message 0 " Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response @enduml

@startuml autonumber 10 10 "<b>[000]" Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response autonumber stop Bob -> Alice : dummy autonumber resume "<font color=red><b>Message 0 " Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response autonumber stop Bob -> Alice : dummy autonumber resume 1 "<font color=blue><b>Message 0 " Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response @enduml

@startuml autonumber 1.1.1 Alice -> Bob: Authentication request Bob --> Alice: Response autonumber inc A 'Now we have 2.1.1 Alice -> Bob: Another authentication request Bob --> Alice: Response autonumber inc B 'Now we have 2.2.1 Alice -> Bob: Another authentication request Bob --> Alice: Response autonumber inc A 'Now we have 3.1.1 Alice -> Bob: Another authentication request autonumber inc B 'Now we have 3.2.1 Bob --> Alice: Response @enduml

@startuml autonumber 10 Alice -> Bob note right the <U+0025>autonumber<U+0025> works everywhere. Here, its value is ** %autonumber% ** end note Bob --> Alice: //This is the response %autonumber%// @enduml

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Page Title, Header and Footer

@startuml header Page Header footer Page %page% of %lastpage% title Example Title Alice -> Bob : message 1 Alice -> Bob : message 2 @enduml

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Splitting diagrams

With newpage

@startuml Alice -> Bob : message 1 Alice -> Bob : message 2 newpage Alice -> Bob : message 3 Alice -> Bob : message 4 newpage A title for the\nlast page Alice -> Bob : message 5 Alice -> Bob : message 6 @enduml

%page% and %lastpage% variables

@startuml footer This is %page% of %lastpage% Alice --> Bob : A1 newpage Alice --> Bob : A2 newpage Alice --> Bob : A3 newpage Alice --> Bob : A4 @enduml

Ignore newpage

@startuml ignore newpage Alice -> Bob : message 1 Alice -> Bob : message 2 newpage Alice -> Bob : message 3 Alice -> Bob : message 4 newpage A title for the\nlast page Alice -> Bob : message 5 Alice -> Bob : message 6 @enduml

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Grouping message

• alt/else
• opt
• loop
• par
• break
• critical
• group, followed by a text to be displayed

@startuml Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request alt successful case Bob -> Alice: Authentication Accepted else some kind of failure Bob -> Alice: Authentication Failure group My own label Alice -> Log : Log attack start loop 1000 times Alice -> Bob: DNS Attack end Alice -> Log : Log attack end end else Another type of failure Bob -> Alice: Please repeat end @enduml

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Secondary group label

@startuml Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob -> Alice: Authentication Failure group My own label [My own label 2] Alice -> Log : Log attack start loop 1000 times Alice -> Bob: DNS Attack end Alice -> Log : Log attack end end @enduml

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Partition across the entire width

Messages are not grouped horizontally across the entire width (by default)

@startuml participant a partition p1 b -> c: msg c --> b: OK note right: Some right note end partition p2 a -> b: msg note left: Some left note end @enduml

Grouping messages horizontally across the entire width (with teoz mode)

@startuml !pragma teoz true participant a partition p1 b -> c: msg c --> b: OK note right: Some right note end partition p2 a -> b: msg note left: Some left note end @enduml

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Notes on messages

@startuml Alice->Bob : hello note left: this is a first note Bob->Alice : ok note right: this is another note Bob->Bob : I am thinking note left a note can also be defined on several lines end note @enduml

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Some other notes

@startuml participant Alice participant Bob note left of Alice #aqua This is displayed left of Alice. end note note right of Alice: This is displayed right of Alice. note over Alice: This is displayed over Alice. note over Alice, Bob #FFAAAA: This is displayed\n over Bob and Alice. note over Bob, Alice This is yet another example of a long note. end note @enduml

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Changing notes shape [hnote, rnote]

• hnote for hexagonal note;
• rnote for rectangle note.

@startuml caller -> server : conReq hnote over caller : idle caller <- server : conConf rnote over server "r" as rectangle "h" as hexagon endrnote rnote over server this is on several lines endrnote hnote over caller this is on several lines endhnote @enduml

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Note over all participants [across]

• note across: note_description

@startuml Alice->Bob:m1 Bob->Charlie:m2 note over Alice, Charlie: Old method for note over all part. with:\n ""note over //FirstPart, LastPart//"". note across: New method with:\n""note across"" Bob->Alice hnote across:Note across all part. @enduml

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Several notes aligned at the same level [/]

• without / (by default, the notes are not aligned)

@startuml note over Alice : initial state of Alice note over Bob : initial state of Bob Bob -> Alice : hello @enduml

• with / (the notes are aligned)

@startuml note over Alice : initial state of Alice / note over Bob : initial state of Bob Bob -> Alice : hello @enduml

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Creole and HTML

@startuml participant Alice participant "The **Famous** Bob" as Bob Alice -> Bob : hello --there-- ... Some ~~long delay~~ ... Bob -> Alice : ok note left This is **bold** This is //italics// This is ""monospaced"" This is --stroked-- This is __underlined__ This is ~~waved~~ end note Alice -> Bob : A //well formatted// message note right of Alice This is <back:cadetblue><size:18>displayed</size></back> __left of__ Alice. end note note left of Bob <u:red>This</u> is <color #118888>displayed</color> **<color purple>left of</color> <s:red>Alice</strike> Bob**. end note note over Alice, Bob <w:#FF33FF>This is hosted</w> by <img:https://plantuml.com/sourceforge.jpg> end note @enduml

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Divider or separator

@startuml == Initialization == Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response == Repetition == Alice -> Bob: Another authentication Request Alice <-- Bob: another authentication Response @enduml

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Reference

@startuml participant Alice actor Bob ref over Alice, Bob : init Alice -> Bob : hello ref over Bob This can be on several lines end ref @enduml

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Delay

@startuml Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request ... Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response ...5 minutes later... Bob --> Alice: Good Bye ! @enduml

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Text wrapping

@startuml skinparam maxMessageSize 50 participant a participant b a -> b :this\nis\nmanually\ndone a -> b :this is a very long message on several words @enduml

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Message text spans beyond the involved participants

Without sequenceMessageSpan (by default)

@startuml ParticipantNumber1 -> ParticipantNumber2 : this is a very long message that is very long ParticipantNumber1 -> ParticipantNumber1 : this is a very long message that is very long ParticipantNumber2 -> ParticipantNumber3 : foo2 @enduml

With sequenceMessageSpan (on teoz mode)

@startuml !pragma teoz true !pragma sequenceMessageSpan true ParticipantNumber1 -> ParticipantNumber2 : this is a very long message that is very long ParticipantNumber1 -> ParticipantNumber1 : this is a very long message that is very long ParticipantNumber2 -> ParticipantNumber3 : foo2 @enduml

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Space

@startuml Alice -> Bob: message 1 Bob --> Alice: ok ||| Alice -> Bob: message 2 Bob --> Alice: ok ||45|| Alice -> Bob: message 3 Bob --> Alice: ok @enduml

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Lifeline Activation and Destruction

@startuml participant User User -> A: DoWork activate A A -> B: << createRequest >> activate B B -> C: DoWork activate C C --> B: WorkDone destroy C B --> A: RequestCreated deactivate B A -> User: Done deactivate A @enduml

@startuml participant User User -> A: DoWork activate A #FFBBBB A -> A: Internal call activate A #DarkSalmon A -> B: << createRequest >> activate B B --> A: RequestCreated deactivate B deactivate A A -> User: Done deactivate A @enduml

@startuml autoactivate on alice -> bob : hello bob -> bob : self call bill -> bob #005500 : hello from thread 2 bob -> george ** : create return done in thread 2 return rc bob -> george !! : delete return success @enduml

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Return

@startuml Bob -> Alice : hello activate Alice Alice -> Alice : some action return bye @enduml

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Participant creation

@startuml Bob -> Alice : hello create Other Alice -> Other : new create control String Alice -> String note right : You can also put notes! Alice --> Bob : ok @enduml

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Shortcut syntax for activation, deactivation, creation

• ++ Activate the target (optionally a color may follow this)
• -- Deactivate the source
• ** Create an instance of the target
• !! Destroy an instance of the target

@startuml alice -> bob ++ : hello bob -> bob ++ : self call bob -> bib ++ #005500 : hello bob -> george ** : create return done return rc bob -> george !! : delete return success @enduml

@startuml alice -> bob ++ : hello1 bob -> charlie --++ : hello2 charlie --> alice -- : ok @enduml

@startuml alice -> bob --++ #gold: hello bob -> alice --++ #gold: you too alice -> bob --: step1 alice -> bob : step2 @enduml

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Incoming and outgoing messages

@startuml [-> A: DoWork activate A A -> A: Internal call activate A A ->] : << createRequest >> A<--] : RequestCreated deactivate A [<- A: Done deactivate A @enduml

@startuml participant Alice participant Bob #lightblue Alice -> Bob Bob -> Carol ... [-> Bob [o-> Bob [o->o Bob [x-> Bob ... [<- Bob [x<- Bob ... Bob ->] Bob ->o] Bob o->o] Bob ->x] ... Bob <-] Bob x<-] @enduml

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Short arrows for incoming and outgoing messages

@startuml ?-> Alice : ""?->""\n**short** to actor1 [-> Alice : ""[->""\n**from start** to actor1 [-> Bob : ""[->""\n**from start** to actor2 ?-> Bob : ""?->""\n**short** to actor2 Alice ->] : ""->]""\nfrom actor1 **to end** Alice ->? : ""->?""\n**short** from actor1 Alice -> Bob : ""->"" \nfrom actor1 to actor2 @enduml

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Anchors and Duration

@startuml !pragma teoz true {start} Alice -> Bob : start doing things during duration Bob -> Max : something Max -> Bob : something else {end} Bob -> Alice : finish {start} <-> {end} : some time @enduml

java -jar plantuml.jar -Pteoz=true

[Ref. issue-582]

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Stereotypes and Spots

@startuml participant "Famous Bob" as Bob << Generated >> participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) Testable >> Bob->Alice: First message @enduml

@startuml skinparam guillemet false participant "Famous Bob" as Bob << Generated >> participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) Testable >> Bob->Alice: First message @enduml

@startuml participant Bob << (C,#ADD1B2) >> participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) >> Bob->Alice: First message @enduml

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Position of the stereotypes

Top postion (by default)

@startuml skinparam stereotypePosition top participant A<<st1>> participant B<<st2>> A --> B : stereo test @enduml

Bottom postion

@startuml skinparam stereotypePosition bottom participant A<<st1>> participant B<<st2>> A --> B : stereo test @enduml

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More information on titles

@startuml title __Simple__ **communication** example Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response @enduml

@startuml title __Simple__ communication example\non several lines Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response @enduml

@startuml title <u>Simple</u> communication example on <i>several</i> lines and using <font color=red>html</font> This is hosted by <img:sourceforge.jpg> end title Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response @enduml

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Participants encompass

@startuml box "Internal Service" #LightBlue participant Bob participant Alice end box participant Other Bob -> Alice : hello Alice -> Other : hello @enduml

@startuml !pragma teoz true box "Internal Service" #LightBlue participant Bob box "Subteam" participant Alice participant John end box end box participant Other Bob -> Alice : hello Alice -> John : hello John -> Other: Hello @enduml

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Removing Foot Boxes

@startuml hide footbox title Foot Box removed Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response @enduml

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Skinparam

• In the diagram definition, like any other commands,
• In an included file,
• In a configuration file, provided in the command line or the ANT task.

@startuml skinparam sequenceArrowThickness 2 skinparam roundcorner 20 skinparam maxmessagesize 60 skinparam sequenceParticipant underline actor User participant "First Class" as A participant "Second Class" as B participant "Last Class" as C User -> A: DoWork activate A A -> B: Create Request activate B B -> C: DoWork activate C C --> B: WorkDone destroy C B --> A: Request Created deactivate B A --> User: Done deactivate A @enduml

@startuml skinparam backgroundColor #EEEBDC !option handwritten true skinparam sequence { ArrowColor DeepSkyBlue ActorBorderColor DeepSkyBlue LifeLineBorderColor blue LifeLineBackgroundColor #A9DCDF ParticipantBorderColor DeepSkyBlue ParticipantBackgroundColor DodgerBlue ParticipantFontName Impact ParticipantFontSize 17 ParticipantFontColor #A9DCDF ActorBackgroundColor aqua ActorFontColor DeepSkyBlue ActorFontSize 17 ActorFontName Aapex } actor User participant "First Class" as A participant "Second Class" as B participant "Last Class" as C User -> A: DoWork activate A A -> B: Create Request activate B B -> C: DoWork activate C C --> B: WorkDone destroy C B --> A: Request Created deactivate B A --> User: Done deactivate A @enduml

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Changing padding

@startuml skinparam ParticipantPadding 20 skinparam BoxPadding 10 box "Foo1" participant Alice1 participant Alice2 end box box "Foo2" participant Bob1 participant Bob2 end box Alice1 -> Bob1 : hello Alice1 -> Out : out @enduml

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Appendix: Examples of all arrow type

Normal arrow

@startuml participant Alice as a participant Bob as b a -> b : ""-> "" a ->> b : ""->> "" a -\ b : ""-\ "" a -\\ b : ""-\\\\"" a -/ b : ""-/ "" a -// b : ""-// "" a ->x b : ""->x "" a x-> b : ""x-> "" a o-> b : ""o-> "" a ->o b : ""->o "" a o->o b : ""o->o "" a <-> b : ""<-> "" a o<->o b : ""o<->o"" a x<->x b : ""x<->x"" a ->>o b : ""->>o "" a -\o b : ""-\o "" a -\\o b : ""-\\\\o"" a -/o b : ""-/o "" a -//o b : ""-//o "" a x->o b : ""x->o "" @enduml

Itself arrow

@startuml participant Alice as a participant Bob as b a -> a : ""-> "" a ->> a : ""->> "" a -\ a : ""-\ "" a -\\ a : ""-\\\\"" a -/ a : ""-/ "" a -// a : ""-// "" a ->x a : ""->x "" a x-> a : ""x-> "" a o-> a : ""o-> "" a ->o a : ""->o "" a o->o a : ""o->o "" a <-> a : ""<-> "" a o<->o a : ""o<->o"" a x<->x a : ""x<->x"" a ->>o a : ""->>o "" a -\o a : ""-\o "" a -\\o a : ""-\\\\o"" a -/o a : ""-/o "" a -//o a : ""-//o "" a x->o a : ""x->o "" @enduml

Incoming and outgoing messages (with '[', ']')

Incoming messages (with '[')

@startuml participant Alice as a participant Bob as b [-> b : ""[-> "" [->> b : ""[->> "" [-\ b : ""[-\ "" [-\\ b : ""[-\\\\"" [-/ b : ""[-/ "" [-// b : ""[-// "" [->x b : ""[->x "" [x-> b : ""[x-> "" [o-> b : ""[o-> "" [->o b : ""[->o "" [o->o b : ""[o->o "" [<-> b : ""[<-> "" [o<->o b : ""[o<->o"" [x<->x b : ""[x<->x"" [->>o b : ""[->>o "" [-\o b : ""[-\o "" [-\\o b : ""[-\\\\o"" [-/o b : ""[-/o "" [-//o b : ""[-//o "" [x->o b : ""[x->o "" @enduml

Outgoing messages (with ']')

@startuml participant Alice as a participant Bob as b a ->] : ""->] "" a ->>] : ""->>] "" a -\] : ""-\] "" a -\\] : ""-\\\\]"" a -/] : ""-/] "" a -//] : ""-//] "" a ->x] : ""->x] "" a x->] : ""x->] "" a o->] : ""o->] "" a ->o] : ""->o] "" a o->o] : ""o->o] "" a <->] : ""<->] "" a o<->o] : ""o<->o]"" a x<->x] : ""x<->x]"" a ->>o] : ""->>o] "" a -\o] : ""-\o] "" a -\\o] : ""-\\\\o]"" a -/o] : ""-/o] "" a -//o] : ""-//o] "" a x->o] : ""x->o] "" @enduml

Short incoming and outgoing messages (with '?')

Short incoming (with '?')

@startuml participant Alice as a participant Bob as b a -> b : //Long long label// ?-> b : ""?-> "" ?->> b : ""?->> "" ?-\ b : ""?-\ "" ?-\\ b : ""?-\\\\"" ?-/ b : ""?-/ "" ?-// b : ""?-// "" ?->x b : ""?->x "" ?x-> b : ""?x-> "" ?o-> b : ""?o-> "" ?->o b : ""?->o "" ?o->o b : ""?o->o "" ?<-> b : ""?<-> "" ?o<->o b : ""?o<->o"" ?x<->x b : ""?x<->x"" ?->>o b : ""?->>o "" ?-\o b : ""?-\o "" ?-\\o b : ""?-\\\\o "" ?-/o b : ""?-/o "" ?-//o b : ""?-//o "" ?x->o b : ""?x->o "" @enduml

Short outgoing (with '?')

@startuml participant Alice as a participant Bob as b a -> b : //Long long label// a ->? : ""->? "" a ->>? : ""->>? "" a -\? : ""-\? "" a -\\? : ""-\\\\?"" a -/? : ""-/? "" a -//? : ""-//? "" a ->x? : ""->x? "" a x->? : ""x->? "" a o->? : ""o->? "" a ->o? : ""->o? "" a o->o? : ""o->o? "" a <->? : ""<->? "" a o<->o? : ""o<->o?"" a x<->x? : ""x<->x?"" a ->>o? : ""->>o? "" a -\o? : ""-\o? "" a -\\o? : ""-\\\\o?"" a -/o? : ""-/o? "" a -//o? : ""-//o? "" a x->o? : ""x->o? "" @enduml

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Specific SkinParameter

By default

@startuml Bob -> Alice : hello ... Alice -> Bob : ok @enduml

Style strictuml

• skinparam style strictuml

@startuml skinparam style strictuml Bob -> Alice : hello ... Alice -> Bob : ok @enduml

LifelineStrategy

• nosolid/solid

@startuml <style> lifeLine { LineStyle 0 } delay { LineStyle 1-4 } </style> Bob -> Alice : hello ... Alice -> Bob : ok @enduml

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Hide unlinked participant

@startuml participant Alice participant Bob participant Carol Alice -> Bob : hello @enduml

@startuml hide unlinked participant Alice participant Bob participant Carol Alice -> Bob : hello @enduml

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Color a group message

@startuml Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request alt#Gold #LightBlue Successful case Bob -> Alice: Authentication Accepted else #Pink Failure Bob -> Alice: Authentication Rejected end @enduml

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Mainframe

@startuml mainframe This is a **mainframe** Alice->Bob : Hello @enduml

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Slanted or odd arrows

@startuml A ->(10) B: text 10 B ->(10) A: text 10 A ->(10) B: text 10 A (10)<- B: text 10 @enduml

@startuml A ->(40) B++: Rq B -->(20) A--: Rs @enduml

@startuml !pragma teoz true A ->(50) C: Starts\nwhen 'B' sends & B ->(25) C: \nBut B's message\n arrives before A's @enduml

@startuml !pragma teoz true S1 ->(30) S2: msg 1\n & S2 ->(30) S1: msg 2 note left S1: msg\nS2 to S1 & note right S2: msg\nS1 to S2 @enduml

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Parallel messages (with teoz)

@startuml !pragma teoz true Alice -> Bob : hello & Bob -> Charlie : hi @enduml

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Style for Solid Lifeline

By default

@startuml Alice -> Bob : hello ... Alice <- Bob : hello @enduml

Solid Lifeline using style

@startuml <style> lifeLine { LineStyle 0 } delay { LineStyle 1-4 } </style> Alice -> Bob : hello ... Alice <- Bob : hello @enduml