Colors
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You can use specify fill and line colors either:

A special color values: transparent can be used, synonym of transparent black (#00000000).

Example on Gantt Diagram:

🎉 Copied! 
@startgantt
[Activity1] lasts 5 days
[Activity2] lasts 5 days
[Activity1] is colored in White/Red
[Activity2] is colored in Silver/SeaGreen
[Activity1] -> [Activity2]
@endgantt

Example on Sequence Diagram:

🎉 Copied! 
@startuml
actor Bob #Red/Yellow
actor Alice #FF0000/FFFF00
Alice -> Bob : hello
@enduml

This uses Color Gradient, see next section. See also skinparam.

Color gradient
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You can also use color gradient in background, with the following syntax: two colors names separated either by:

depending the direction of the gradient.

See the previous section, and Color gradient on Class diagram page.

Automatic font color
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The special value automatic can be used for font (text foreground) color. In that case, the color is either black or white, depending on the current background.

🎉 Copied! 
@startuml
skinparam classFontColor automatic
skinparam classHeaderBackgroundColor #444

class classA {
testMethodCode()        
}

class classB #fff {
testMethodCode()       
}
@enduml

Color with preprocessing
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You can manipulate color with Preprocessing, and the Builtin functions:

Name Description Example Return
%darken Return a darken color of a given color with some ratio %darken("red", 20)#CC0000
%is_dark Check if a color is a dark one %is_dark("#000000")true
%is_light Check if a color is a light one %is_light("#000000")false
%lighten Return a lighten color of a given color with some ratio %lighten("red", 20)#CC3333
%reverse_color Reverse a color using RGB %reverse_color("#FF7700")#0088FF
%reverse_hsluv_color Reverse a color using HSLuv%reverse_hsluv_color("#FF7700")#602800

View colors in PlantUML
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A user has recently created an image to display all names colors used by PlantUML. (We thank him by the way!)

So a new feature has been added to print all those colors using a special diagram description:

🎉 Copied! 
@startuml
colors
@enduml

It is also possible to print a palette of colors close to some other color (using its name or HEX value).

🎉 Copied! 
@startuml
colors chocolate
@enduml

Archimate colors
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Archimate uses color names that reflect the purpose of a node:

🎉 Copied! 
@startuml
skinparam minClassWidth 125
skinparam nodesep 10
skinparam ranksep 10

rectangle Application    #Application
rectangle Business       #Business
rectangle Implementation #Implementation
rectangle Motivation     #Motivation
rectangle Physical       #Physical
rectangle Strategy       #Strategy
rectangle Technology     #Technology
@enduml

PlantUML colors
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🎉 Copied! 
@startuml
skinparam minClassWidth 200
skinparam nodesep 10
skinparam ranksep 10

rectangle "ClassColor" {
rectangle "Class_C_Background\n #ADD1B2" #ADD1B2
rectangle "Class_N_Background\n #E3664A" #E3664A
rectangle "Class_A_Background\n #A9DCDF" #A9DCDF
rectangle "Class_I_Background\n #B4A7E5" #B4A7E5
rectangle "Class_E_Background\n #EB937F" #EB937F
}
rectangle "DefaultColor" {
rectangle "BackGroundColor_Default\n #FEFECE" #FEFECE
rectangle "LineColor_Default\n #A80036"       #A80036
rectangle "Legend_BackGroundColor\n #DDDDDD"   #DDDDDD
rectangle "//TBC//\n..."
}
@enduml