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PlantUML Language specification Activity Diagram (beta)

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Diagrama de actividad (nueva sintaxis)

La sintaxis anterior utilizada para los diagramas de actividad presentaba varias limitaciones y problemas de mantenimiento. Reconociendo estos inconvenientes, hemos introducido una sintaxis e implementación totalmente renovadas que no sólo son fáciles de usar, sino también más estables.

Ventajas de la nueva sintaxis

  • Sin dependencia de Graphviz: Al igual que con los diagramas de secuencia, la nueva sintaxis elimina la necesidad de instalar Graphviz, simplificando así el proceso de configuración.
  • Facilidad de mantenimiento: La * naturaleza intuitiva de la nueva sintaxis significa que es más fácil de manejar y mantener sus diagramas.

Transición a la Nueva Sintaxis

Mientras que continuaremos apoyando la sintaxis antigua para mantener la compatibilidad, animamos a los usuarios a migrar a la nueva sintaxis para aprovechar las características mejoradas y los beneficios que ofrece.

Haga el cambio hoy y experimente un proceso de diagramación más ágil y eficiente con la nueva sintaxis de diagrama de actividad.

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Una Actividad simple

Las etiquetas de las actividades inician con un dos puntos (:) y terminan con un punto y coma (;).

Se puede aplicar formato a un texto usando sintaxis de WikiCreole.

Están implícitamente enlazados en el orden de su definición.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
:Hello world;
:This is on defined on
several **lines**;
@enduml

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Inicio/Parada/Fin

Puede utilizar las palabras clave start y stop para indicar el inicio y el final de un diagrama.

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@startuml
start
:Hello world;
:This is defined on
several **lines**;
stop
@enduml

También puede utilizar la palabra clave end.

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@startuml
start
:Hello world;
:This is defined on
several **lines**;
end
@enduml

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Condicional

Puede utilizar las palabras clave if, then, else y endif para colocar pruebas en su diagrama. Las etiquetas pueden proporcionarse utilizando paréntesis.

Las 3 sintaxis son posibles:
  • if (...) then (...) ... [else (...) ...] endif

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@startuml

start

if (Graphviz installed?) then (yes)
  :process all\ndiagrams;
else (no)
  :process only
  __sequence__ and __activity__ diagrams;
endif

stop

@enduml

  • if (...) is (...) then ... [else (...) ...] endif

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@startuml
if (color?) is (<color:red>red) then
:print red;
else 
:print not red;
endif
@enduml

  • if (...) equals (...) then ... [else (...) ...] endif

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
if (counter?) equals (5) then
:print 5;
else 
:print not 5;
endif
@enduml

[Ref. QA-301]

Varias pruebas==== (modo horizontal) ====

Puede utilizar la palabra clave elseif para tener varias pruebas (por defecto, es el modo horizontal):

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@startuml
start
if (condition A) then (yes)
  :Text 1;
elseif (condition B) then (yes)
  :Text 2;
  stop
(no) elseif (condition C) then (yes)
  :Text 3;
(no) elseif (condition D) then (yes)
  :Text 4;
else (nothing)
  :Text else;
endif
stop
@enduml

Varias ==== pruebas==== ( ====modo vertical==== )

Puede utilizar el comando !pragma useVerticalIf on para tener las pruebas en modo vertical:

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@startuml
!pragma useVerticalIf on
start
if (condition A) then (yes)
  :Text 1;
elseif (condition B) then (yes)
  :Text 2;
  stop
elseif (condition C) then (yes)
  :Text 3;
elseif (condition D) then (yes)
  :Text 4;
else (nothing)
  :Text else;
endif
stop
@enduml

Puede utilizar la opción de línea de comandos -P para especificar el pragma: 

java -jar plantuml.jar -PuseVerticalIf=on

[Refs. QA-3931, GH-582]

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Switch and case [switch, case, endswitch]

You can use switch, case and endswitch keywords to put switch in your diagram.

Labels can be provided using parentheses.

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@startuml
start
switch (test?)
case ( condition A )
  :Text 1;
case ( condition B ) 
  :Text 2;
case ( condition C )
  :Text 3;
case ( condition D )
  :Text 4;
case ( condition E )
  :Text 5;
endswitch
stop
@enduml

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Conditional with stop on an action [kill, detach]

You can stop action on a if loop.

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@startuml
if (condition?) then
  :error;
  stop
endif
#palegreen:action;
@enduml

But if you want to stop at the precise action, you can use the kill or detach keyword:

  • kill

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@startuml
if (condition?) then
  #pink:error;
  kill
endif
#palegreen:action;
@enduml

[Ref. QA-265]

  • detach

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@startuml
if (condition?) then
  #pink:error;
  detach
endif
#palegreen:action;
@enduml

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El ciclo Repeat

Puedes usar las palabras reservadas repeat y repeatwhile para colocar bucles.

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@startuml

start

repeat
  :read data;
  :generate diagrams;
repeat while (more data?)

stop

@enduml

It is also possible to use a full action as repeat target and insert an action in the return path using the backward keyword.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml

start

repeat :foo as starting label;
  :read data;
  :generate diagrams;
backward:This is backward;
repeat while (more data?)

stop

@enduml

*[Ref. [QA-5826](https://forum.plantuml.net/5826/please-provide-action-repeat-loop-start-instead-condition?show=5831#a5831)]*

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Break on a repeat loop [break]

You can use the break keyword after an action on a loop.

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@startuml
start
repeat
  :Test something;
    if (Something went wrong?) then (no)
      #palegreen:OK;
      break
    endif
    ->NOK;
    :Alert "Error with long text";
repeat while (Something went wrong with long text?) is (yes) not (no)
->//merged step//;
:Alert "Success";
stop
@enduml

[Ref. QA-6105]

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Goto and Label Processing [label, goto]

⚠ It is currently only experimental 🚧

You can use label and goto keywords to denote goto processing, with:
  • label <label_name>
  • goto <label_name>

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
title Point two queries to same activity\nwith `goto`
start
if (Test Question?) then (yes)
'space label only for alignment
label sp_lab0
label sp_lab1
'real label
label lab
:shared;
else (no)
if (Second Test Question?) then (yes)
label sp_lab2
goto sp_lab1
else
:nonShared;
endif
endif
:merge;
@enduml

[Ref. QA-15026, QA-12526 and initially QA-1626]

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El ciclo While

Puedes usar las palabras reservadas while y end while para un ciclo repetitivo.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml

start

while (data available?)
  :read data;
  :generate diagrams;
endwhile

stop

@enduml

Es posible proporcionar una etiqueta después de la palabra reservada endwhile, o usar la palabra reservada is .

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
while (check filesize ?) is (not empty)
  :read file;
endwhile (empty)
:close file;
@enduml

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WARNING

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Procesamiento paralelo

Puedes usar las palabras reservadas fork, fork again y end fork para denotar procesamientos paralelos.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml

start

if (multiprocessor?) then (yes)
  fork
    :Treatment 1;
  fork again
    :Treatment 2;
  end fork
else (monoproc)
  :Treatment 1;
  :Treatment 2;
endif

@enduml

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Split processing

Split

You can use split, split again and end split keywords to denote split processing.

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@startuml
start
split
   :A;
split again
   :B;
split again
   :C;
split again
   :a;
   :b;
end split
:D;
end
@enduml

Input split (multi-start)

You can use hidden arrows to make an input split (multi-start):

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
split
   -[hidden]->
   :A;
split again
   -[hidden]->
   :B;
split again
   -[hidden]->
   :C;
end split
:D;
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
split
   -[hidden]->
   :A;
split again
   -[hidden]->
   :a;
   :b;
split again
   -[hidden]->
   (Z)
end split
:D;
@enduml

[Ref. QA-8662]

Output split (multi-end)

You can use kill or detach to make an output split (multi-end):

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
split
   :A;
   kill
split again
   :B;
   detach
split again
   :C;
   kill
end split
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
split
   :A;
   kill
split again
   :b;
   :c;
   detach
split again
   (Z)
   detach
split again
   end
split again
   stop
end split
@enduml

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Notas

Se puede aplicar formato a un texto usando sintaxis de WikiCreole.

Una nota puede ser flotante, usando la palabra clave floating.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml

start
:foo1;
floating note left: This is a note
:foo2;
note right
  This note is on several
  //lines// and can
  contain <b>HTML</b>
  ====
  * Calling the method ""foo()"" is prohibited
end note
stop

@enduml

*[Ref. [QA-2398](https://forum.plantuml.net/2398/is-it-possible-to-add-a-comment-on-top-of-a-activity-partition?show=2403#a2403)]*

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Colores

Puedes especificar colores en algunas actividades.

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@startuml

start
:starting progress;
#HotPink:reading configuration files
These files should edited at this point!;
#AAAAAA:ending of the process;

@enduml

*[Ref. [QA-4906](https://forum.plantuml.net/4906/setting-ad-hoc-gradient-backgrounds-in-activity?show=4917#a4917)]*
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WARNING

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Lines without arrows

You can use skinparam ArrowHeadColor none in order to connect activities using lines only, without arrows.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
skinparam ArrowHeadColor none
start
:Hello world;
:This is on defined on
several **lines**;
stop
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
skinparam ArrowHeadColor none
start
repeat :Enter data;
:Submit;
backward :Warning;
repeat while (Valid?) is (No) not (Yes)
stop
@enduml

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Flechas

Usando la notación ->, puedes añadir texto a una flecha y cambiar su color.

También es posible tener flechas punteadas, en linea discontinua, en negrita u ocultas.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
:foo1;
-> You can put text on arrows;
if (test) then
  -[#blue]->
  :foo2;
  -[#green,dashed]-> The text can
  also be on several lines
  and **very** long...;
  :foo3;
else
  -[#black,dotted]->
  :foo4;
endif
-[#gray,bold]->
:foo5;
@enduml

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Multiple colored arrow

You can use multiple colored arrow.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
skinparam colorArrowSeparationSpace 1
start
-[#red;#green;#orange;#blue]->
if(a?)then(yes)
-[#red]->
:activity;
-[#red]->
if(c?)then(yes)
-[#maroon,dashed]->
else(no)
-[#red]->
if(b?)then(yes)
-[#maroon,dashed]->
else(no)
-[#blue,dashed;dotted]->
:do a;
-[#red]->
:do b;
-[#red]->
endif
-[#red;#maroon,dashed]->
endif
-[#red;#maroon,dashed]->
elseif(e?)then(yes)
-[#green]->
if(c?)then(yes)
-[#maroon,dashed]->
else(no)
-[#green]->
if(d?)then(yes)
-[#maroon,dashed]->
else(no)
-[#green]->
:do something; <<continuous>>
-[#green]->
endif
-[#green;#maroon,dashed]->
partition dummy {
:some function;
}
-[#green;#maroon,dashed]->
endif
-[#green;#maroon,dashed]->

elseif(f?)then(yes)
-[#orange]->
:activity; <<continuous>>
-[#orange]->
else(no)
-[#blue,dashed;dotted]->
endif
stop
@enduml

[Ref. QA-4411]

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Connector (or Circle)

You can use parentheses to denote connector.

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@startuml
start
:Some activity;
(A)
detach
(A)
:Other activity;
@enduml

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Color on connector

You can add color on connector.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
:The connector below
wishes he was blue;
#blue:(B)
:This next connector
feels that she would
be better off green;
#green:(G)
stop
@enduml

[Ref. QA-10077]

And even use style on Circle:

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
<style>
circle {
  Backgroundcolor palegreen
  LineColor green
  LineThickness 2
}
</style>

(1)
:a;
(A)
@enduml

[Ref. QA-19975]

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Agrupación

Puedes agrupar actividades definiendo particiones:

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@startuml
start
partition Initialization {
    :read config file;
    :init internal variable;
}
partition Running {
    :wait for user interaction;
    :print information;
}

stop
@enduml

*[Ref. [QA-2793](https://forum.plantuml.net/2793/activity-beta-partition-name-more-than-one-word-does-not-work?show=2798#a2798)]* *[Ref. [QA-542](https://forum.plantuml.net/542/ability-to-define-hyperlink-on-diagram-elements?show=14003#c14003)]*
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Carriles

Usando la tecla pipe |, puedes definir carriles.

También es posible cambiar el color de los carriles.

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@startuml
|Swimlane1|
start
:foo1;
|#AntiqueWhite|Swimlane2|
:foo2;
:foo3;
|Swimlane1|
:foo4;
|Swimlane2|
:foo5;
stop
@enduml

*[Ref. [QA-2681](https://forum.plantuml.net/2681/possible-define-alias-swimlane-place-alias-everywhere-else?show=2685#a2685)]*
WARNING
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WARNING

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Desacoplar y remover

Es posible remover una flecha usando la palabra reservada detach .

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@startuml
 :start;
 fork
   :foo1;
   :foo2;
 fork again
   :foo3;
   detach
 endfork
 if (foo4) then
   :foo5;
   detach
 endif
 :foo6;
 detach
 :foo7;
 stop
@enduml

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Otras formas de representación de actividades

Cambiando el sepador final, ; , puedes configurar diferentes representaciones para una actividad:
  • |
  • <
  • >
  • /
  • ]
  • }

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@startuml
:Ready;
:next(o)|
:Receiving;
split
 :nak(i)<
 :ack(o)>
split again
 :ack(i)<
 :next(o)
 on several line|
 :i := i + 1]
 :ack(o)>
split again
 :err(i)<
 :nak(o)>
split again
 :foo/
split again
 :i > 5}
stop
end split
:finish;
@enduml

WARNING
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WARNING

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UML (Unified Modeling Language) Shape

Table of UML Shape Name

Name Stereotype syntax
ObjectNode <<object>>
ObjectNode
typed by signal 		<<objectSignal>> or <<object-signal>>
AcceptEventAction
without TimeEvent trigger 		<<acceptEvent>> or <<accept-event>>
AcceptEventAction
with TimeEvent trigger 		<<timeEvent>> or <<time-event>>
SendSignalAction

SendObjectAction
with signal type 		<<sendSignal>> or <<send-signal>>
Trigger <<trigger>>

[Ref. GH-2185]

UML Shape Example using Stereotype

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@startuml
:action;
:object; <<object>>

:ObjectNode
typed by signal; <<objectSignal>>

:AcceptEventAction
without TimeEvent trigger; <<acceptEvent>>

:SendSignalAction; <<sendSignal>>

:SendObjectAction
with signal type; <<sendSignal>>

:Trigger; <<trigger>>

:\t\t\t\t\t\tAcceptEventAction
\t\t\t\t\t\twith TimeEvent trigger; <<timeEvent>>
:an action;
@enduml

[Ref. GH-2185, QA-16558, GH-1659]

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Ejemplo completo

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@startuml

start
:ClickServlet.handleRequest();
:new page;
if (Page.onSecurityCheck) then (true)
  :Page.onInit();
  if (isForward?) then (no)
    :Process controls;
    if (continue processing?) then (no)
      stop
    endif

    if (isPost?) then (yes)
      :Page.onPost();
    else (no)
      :Page.onGet();
    endif
    :Page.onRender();
  endif
else (false)
endif

if (do redirect?) then (yes)
  :redirect process;
else
  if (do forward?) then (yes)
    :Forward request;
  else (no)
    :Render page template;
  endif
endif

stop

@enduml

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Condition Style

Inside style (by default)

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@startuml
skinparam conditionStyle inside
start
repeat
  :act1;
  :act2;
repeatwhile (<b>end)
:act3;
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
repeat
  :act1;
  :act2;
repeatwhile (<b>end)
:act3;
@enduml

Diamond style

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@startuml
skinparam conditionStyle diamond
start
repeat
  :act1;
  :act2;
repeatwhile (<b>end)
:act3;
@enduml

InsideDiamond (or Foo1) style

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
skinparam conditionStyle InsideDiamond
start
repeat
  :act1;
  :act2;
repeatwhile (<b>end)
:act3;
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
skinparam conditionStyle foo1
start
repeat
  :act1;
  :act2;
repeatwhile (<b>end)
:act3;
@enduml

[Ref. QA-1290 and #400]

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Condition End Style

Diamond style (by default)

  • With one branch

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
skinparam ConditionEndStyle diamond
:A;
if (decision) then (yes)
    :B1;
else (no)
endif
:C;
@enduml

  • With two branches (B1, B2)

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
skinparam ConditionEndStyle diamond
:A;
if (decision) then (yes)
    :B1;
else (no)
    :B2;
endif
:C;
@enduml
@enduml

Horizontal line (hline) style

  • With one branch

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
skinparam ConditionEndStyle hline
:A;
if (decision) then (yes)
    :B1;
else (no)
endif
:C;
@enduml

  • With two branches (B1, B2)

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
skinparam ConditionEndStyle hline
:A;
if (decision) then (yes)
    :B1;
else (no)
    :B2;
endif
:C;
@enduml
@enduml

[Ref. QA-4015]

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Using (global) style

Without style (by default)

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@startuml
start
:init;
-> test of color;
if (color?) is (<color:red>red) then
:print red;
else 
:print not red;
note right: no color
endif
partition End {
:end;
}
-> this is the end;
end
@enduml

With style

You can use style to change rendering of elements.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
<style>
activityDiagram {
  BackgroundColor #33668E
  BorderColor #33668E
  FontColor #888
  FontName arial

  diamond {
    BackgroundColor #ccf
    LineColor #00FF00
    FontColor green
    FontName arial
    FontSize 15
  }
  arrow {
    FontColor gold
    FontName arial
    FontSize 15
  }
  partition {
    LineColor red
    FontColor green
    RoundCorner 10
    BackgroundColor PeachPuff
  }
  note {
    FontColor Blue
    LineColor Navy
    BackgroundColor #ccf
  }
}
document {
   BackgroundColor transparent
}
</style>
start
:init;
-> test of color;
if (color?) is (<color:red>red) then
:print red;
else 
:print not red;
note right: no color
endif
partition End {
:end;
}
-> this is the end;
end
@enduml

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