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PlantUML Language specification Timing Diagram

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Diagramme de temps

Un diagramme de temps en UML est un type spécifique de diagramme d'interaction qui visualise les contraintes de temps d' un système. Il se concentre sur l'ordre chronologique des événements, en montrant comment différents objets interagissent les uns avec les autres au fil du temps. Les diagrammes de temps sont particulièrement utiles dans les systèmes en temps réel et les systèmes intégrés pour comprendre le comportement des objets pendant une période donnée.

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Définitions des participants

Les participants sont déclarés à l'aide des mots-clé consise ou robust, en fonction de la façon dont vous souhaitez les dessiner.

  • concise: Un signal simplifié conçu pour montrer le déplacement des données (utile pour les messages).
  • robust: Un signal linéaire complexe conçu pour montrer la transition d'un état à un autre. Ce signal peut avoir de nombreux états.
  • clock: Un signal qui transitionne de façon répétée entre les états haut et bas à rythme régulier.
  • binary: Un signal spécifique restreint à seulement deux états (binaire).

Les changements d'état sont notifiés avec la notation @ et le verbe is.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
robust "Web Browser" as WB
concise "Web User" as WU

@0
WU is Idle
WB is Idle

@100
WU is Waiting
WB is Processing

@300
WB is Waiting
@enduml

*[Ref. [QA-14631](https:forum.plantuml.net/14631) and [QA-14647](https:forum.plantuml.net/14647)]*

[Ref. QA-14631, QA-14647 and QA-11288]
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Horloge et signaux binaires

It's also possible to have binary and clock signal, using the following keywords:

  • binary
  • clock

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
clock clk with period 1
binary "Enable" as EN

@0
EN is low

@5
EN is high

@10
EN is low
@enduml

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Ajout de messages

Vous pouvez rajouter des messages à l'aide de la syntaxe suivante.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
robust "Web Browser" as WB
concise "Web User" as WU

@0
WU is Idle
WB is Idle

@100
WU -> WB : URL
WU is Waiting
WB is Processing

@300
WB is Waiting
@enduml

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Référence relative de temps

Avec la notation @, il est possible d'utiliser une notation relative du temps.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
robust "DNS Resolver" as DNS
robust "Web Browser" as WB
concise "Web User" as WU

@0
WU is Idle
WB is Idle
DNS is Idle

@+100
WU -> WB : URL
WU is Waiting
WB is Processing

@+200
WB is Waiting
WB -> DNS@+50 : Resolve URL

@+100
DNS is Processing

@+300
DNS is Idle
@enduml

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Points d'ancrage

Au lieu d'utiliser le temps absolu ou relatif sur un temps absolu, vous pouvez définir un temps comme point d'ancrage en utilisant le mot clé as et en commençant le nom par un : 

@XX as :<anchor point name>

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
clock clk with period 1
binary "enable" as EN
concise "dataBus" as db

@0 as :start
@5 as :en_high 
@10 as :en_low
@:en_high-2 as :en_highMinus2

@:start
EN is low
db is "0x0000"

@:en_high
EN is high

@:en_low
EN is low

@:en_highMinus2
db is "0xf23a"

@:en_high+6
db is "0x0000"
@enduml

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Définition participant par participant

Plutôt que de déclarer le diagramme dans l'ordre chronologique, il est possible de le définir participant par participant.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
robust "Web Browser" as WB
concise "Web User" as WU

@WB
0 is idle
+200 is Proc.
+100 is Waiting

@WU
0 is Waiting
+500 is ok
@enduml

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Choix du zoom

Il est possible de choisir une échelle d'affichage précise.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
concise "Web User" as WU
scale 100 as 50 pixels

@WU
0 is Waiting
+500 is ok
@enduml

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État initial

Vous pouvez également définir un état initial.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
robust "Web Browser" as WB
concise "Web User" as WU

WB is Initializing
WU is Absent

@WB
0 is idle
+200 is Processing
+100 is Waiting

@WU
0 is Waiting
+500 is ok
@enduml

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État complexe

Un signal peut se trouver dans un état indéfini

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
robust "Signal1" as S1
robust "Signal2" as S2
S1 has 0,1,2,hello
S2 has 0,1,2
@0
S1 is 0
S2 is 0
@100
S1 is {0,1} #SlateGrey
S2 is {0,1}
@200
S1 is 1
S2 is 0
@300
S1 is hello
S2 is {0,2}
@enduml

*[Ref. [QA-11936](https:forum.plantuml.net/11936) and [QA-15933](https:forum.plantuml.net/15933)]*
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Hidden state

It is also possible to hide some state.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
concise "Web User" as WU

@0
WU is {-}

@100
WU is A1

@200
WU is {-}

@300
WU is {hidden}

@400
WU is A3

@500
WU is {-}
@enduml

*[Ref. [QA-12222](https://forum.plantuml.net/12222)]*
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Masquer l'axe du temps

Il est possible de masquer l'axe du temps

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
hide time-axis
concise "Web User" as WU

WU is Absent

@WU
0 is Waiting
+500 is ok
@enduml

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Utilisation de l'heure et de la date

Il est possible d'utiliser l'heure ou la date.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
robust "Web Browser" as WB
concise "Web User" as WU

@2019/07/02
WU is Idle
WB is Idle

@2019/07/04
WU is Waiting : some note
WB is Processing : some other note

@2019/07/05
WB is Waiting
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
robust "Web Browser" as WB
concise "Web User" as WU

@1:15:00
WU is Idle
WB is Idle

@1:16:30
WU is Waiting : some note
WB is Processing : some other note

@1:17:30
WB is Waiting
@enduml

*[Ref. [QA-7019](https://forum.plantuml.net/7019/hh-mm-ss-time-format-in-timing-diagram)]*

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Change Date Format

It is also possible to change date format.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
robust "Web Browser" as WB
concise "Web User" as WU

use date format "YY-MM-dd"

@2019/07/02
WU is Idle
WB is Idle

@2019/07/04
WU is Waiting : some note
WB is Processing : some other note

@2019/07/05
WB is Waiting
@enduml

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Manage time axis labels

You can manage the time-axis labels.

Label on each tick (by default)

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
scale 31536000 as 40 pixels
use date format "yy-MM"

concise "OpenGL Desktop" as OD

@1992/01/01
OD is {hidden}

@1992/06/30
OD is 1.0

@1997/03/04
OD is 1.1

@1998/03/16
OD is 1.2

@2001/08/14
OD is 1.3

@2004/09/07
OD is 3.0

@2008/08/01
OD is 3.0

@2017/07/31
OD is 4.6

@enduml

Manual label (only when the state changes)

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
scale 31536000 as 40 pixels

manual time-axis
use date format "yy-MM"

concise "OpenGL Desktop" as OD

@1992/01/01
OD is {hidden}

@1992/06/30
OD is 1.0

@1997/03/04
OD is 1.1

@1998/03/16
OD is 1.2

@2001/08/14
OD is 1.3

@2004/09/07
OD is 3.0

@2008/08/01
OD is 3.0

@2017/07/31
OD is 4.6

@enduml

[Ref. GH-1020]

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Ajout de contraintes

Il est possible d'afficher des contraintes de temps sur les diagrammes.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
robust "Web Browser" as WB
concise "Web User" as WU

WB is Initializing
WU is Absent

@WB
0 is idle
+200 is Processing
+100 is Waiting
WB@0 <-> @50 : {50 ms lag}

@WU
0 is Waiting
+500 is ok
@200 <-> @+150 : {150 ms}
@enduml

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Période surlignée

Vous pouvez surligner une partie du diagramme

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
robust "Web Browser" as WB
concise "Web User" as WU

@0
WU is Idle
WB is Idle

@100
WU -> WB : URL
WU is Waiting #LightCyan;line:Aqua

@200
WB is Proc.

@300
WU -> WB@350 : URL2
WB is Waiting

@+200
WU is ok

@+200
WB is Idle

highlight 200 to 450 #Gold;line:DimGrey : This is my caption
@enduml

*[Ref. [QA-10868](https://forum.plantuml.net/10868/highlighted-periods-in-timing-diagrams)]*
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Using notes

You can use the note top of and note bottom of keywords to define notes related to a single object or participant (available only for concise or binary object).

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
robust "Web Browser" as WB
concise "Web User" as WU

@0
WU is Idle
WB is Idle

@100
WU is Waiting
WB is Processing
note top of WU : first note\non several\nlines
note bottom of WU : second note\non several\nlines

@300
WB is Waiting
@enduml

[Ref. QA-6877, GH-1465]

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Ajout de textes

Vous pouvez ajouter éventuellement un titre, une entête, un pied de page, une légende ou un libellé :

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
Title Un titre
header: Une entête
footer: Un pied de page
legend
Une légende
end legend
caption Un libellé

robust "Navigateur web" as WB
concise "Internaute" as WU

@0
WU is Inactif
WB is Inactif

@100
WU is EnAttente
WB is EnTraitement

@300
WB is EnAttente
@enduml

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Exemple complet

Merci à Adam Rosien pour cet exemple

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
concise "Client" as Client
concise "Server" as Server
concise "Response freshness" as Cache

Server is idle
Client is idle

@Client
0 is send
Client -> Server@+25 : GET
+25 is await
+75 is recv
+25 is idle
+25 is send
Client -> Server@+25 : GET\nIf-Modified-Since: 150
+25 is await
+50 is recv
+25 is idle
@100 <-> @275 : no need to re-request from server

@Server
25 is recv
+25 is work
+25 is send
Server -> Client@+25 : 200 OK\nExpires: 275
+25 is idle
+75 is recv
+25 is send
Server -> Client@+25 : 304 Not Modified
+25 is idle

@Cache
75 is fresh
+200 is stale
@enduml

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Exemple numérique

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
scale 5 as 150 pixels

clock clk with period 1
binary "enable" as en
binary "R/W" as rw
binary "data Valid" as dv
concise "dataBus" as db
concise "address bus" as addr

@6 as :write_beg
@10 as :write_end

@15 as :read_beg
@19 as :read_end


@0
en is low
db is "0x0"
addr is "0x03f"
rw is low
dv is 0

@:write_beg-3
 en is high
@:write_beg-2
 db is "0xDEADBEEF"
@:write_beg-1
dv is 1
@:write_beg
rw is high


@:write_end
rw is low
dv is low
@:write_end+1
rw is low
db is "0x0"
addr is "0x23"

@12
dv is high
@13 
db is "0xFFFF"

@20
en is low
dv is low
@21 
db is "0x0"

highlight :write_beg to :write_end #Gold:Write
highlight :read_beg to :read_end #lightBlue:Read

db@:write_beg-1 <-> @:write_end : setup time
db@:write_beg-1 -> addr@:write_end+1 : hold
@enduml

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Ajout de couleur

Vous pouvez ajouter de la couleur

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
concise "LR" as LR
concise "ST" as ST

LR is AtPlace #palegreen
ST is AtLoad #gray

@LR
0 is Lowering
100 is Lowered #pink
350 is Releasing
 
@ST
200 is Moving
@enduml

[Réf. QA-5776]

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Using (global) style

Without style (by default)

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
robust "Web Browser" as WB
concise "Web User" as WU

WB is Initializing
WU is Absent

@WB
0 is idle
+200 is Processing
+100 is Waiting
WB@0 <-> @50 : {50 ms lag}

@WU
0 is Waiting
+500 is ok
@200 <-> @+150 : {150 ms}
@enduml

With style

You can use style to change rendering of elements.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
<style>
timingDiagram {
  document {
    BackGroundColor SandyBrown
  }
 constraintArrow {
  LineStyle 2-1
  LineThickness 3
  LineColor Blue
 }
}
</style>
robust "Web Browser" as WB
concise "Web User" as WU

WB is Initializing
WU is Absent

@WB
0 is idle
+200 is Processing
+100 is Waiting
WB@0 <-> @50 : {50 ms lag}

@WU
0 is Waiting
+500 is ok
@200 <-> @+150 : {150 ms}
@enduml

[Ref. QA-14340]

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Applying Colors to specific lines

You can use the <style> tags and sterotyping to give a name to line attributes.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
<style>
timingDiagram {
  .red {
    LineColor red
  }
  .blue {
    LineColor blue
    LineThickness 5
  }
}
</style>

clock clk with period 1
binary "Input Signal 1"  as IS1
binary "Input Signal 2"  as IS2 <<blue>>
binary "Output Signal 1" as OS1 <<red>>

@0
IS1 is low
IS2 is high
OS1 is low
@2
OS1 is high
@4
OS1 is low
@5
IS1 is high
OS1 is high
@6
IS2 is low
@10
IS1 is low
OS1 is low
@enduml

[Ref. QA-15870]

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Compact mode

You can use compact command to compact the timing layout.

By default

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
robust "Web Browser" as WB
concise "Web User" as WU
robust "Web Browser2" as WB2

@0
WU is Waiting
WB is Idle
WB2 is Idle

@200
WB is Proc.

@300
WB is Waiting
WB2 is Waiting

@500
WU is ok

@700
WB is Idle
@enduml

Global mode with mode compact

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
mode compact
robust "Web Browser" as WB
concise "Web User" as WU
robust "Web Browser2" as WB2

@0
WU is Waiting
WB is Idle
WB2 is Idle

@200
WB is Proc.

@300
WB is Waiting
WB2 is Waiting

@500
WU is ok

@700
WB is Idle
@enduml

Local mode with only compact on element

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
compact robust "Web Browser" as WB
compact concise "Web User" as WU
robust "Web Browser2" as WB2

@0
WU is Waiting
WB is Idle
WB2 is Idle

@200
WB is Proc.

@300
WB is Waiting
WB2 is Waiting

@500
WU is ok

@700
WB is Idle
@enduml

[Ref. QA-11130]

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Scaling analog signal

You can scale analog signal.

Without scaling: 0-max (by default)

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
title Between 0-max (by default)
analog "Analog" as A

@0
A is 350

@100
A is 450

@300
A is 350
@enduml

With scaling: min-max

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
title Between min-max
analog "Analog" between 350 and 450 as A

@0
A is 350

@100
A is 450

@300
A is 350
@enduml

[Ref. QA-17161]

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Customise analog signal

Without any customisation (by default)

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
analog "Vcore" as VDD
analog "VCC" as VCC

@0
VDD is 0
VCC is 3
@2
VDD is 0
@3
VDD is 6
VCC is 6
VDD@1 -> VCC@2 : "test"
@enduml

With customisation (on scale, ticks and height)

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
analog "Vcore" as VDD
analog "VCC" between -4.5 and 6.5 as VCC
VCC ticks num on multiple 3
VCC is 200 pixels height

@0
VDD is 0
VCC is 3
@2
VDD is 0
@3
VDD is 6
VCC is 6
VDD@1 -> VCC@2 : "test"
@enduml

[Ref. QA-11288]

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Order state of robust signal

Without order (by default)

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
robust "Flow rate" as rate

@0
rate is high

@5
rate is none

@6
rate is low
@enduml

With order

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
robust "Flow rate" as rate
rate has high,low,none

@0
rate is high

@5
rate is none

@6
rate is low
@enduml

With order and label

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
robust "Flow rate" as rate
rate has "35 gpm" as high
rate has "15 gpm" as low
rate has "0 gpm" as none

@0
rate is high

@5
rate is none

@6
rate is low
@enduml

[Ref. QA-6651]

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Defining a timing diagram

By Clock (@clk)

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
clock "clk" as clk with period 50
concise "Signal1" as S1
robust "Signal2" as S2
binary "Signal3" as S3
 
@clk*0
S1 is 0
S2 is 0

@clk*1
S1 is 1
S3 is high

@clk*2
S3 is down

@clk*3
S1 is 1
S2 is 1
S3 is 1

@clk*4
S3 is down
@enduml

By Signal (@S)

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
clock "clk" as clk with period 50
concise "Signal1" as S1
robust "Signal2" as S2
binary "Signal3" as S3

@S1
0 is 0
50 is 1
150 is 1

@S2
0 is 0
150 is 1

@S3
50  is 1
100 is low
150 is high
200 is 0
@enduml

By Time (@time)

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
clock "clk" as clk with period 50
concise "Signal1" as S1
robust "Signal2" as S2
binary "Signal3" as S3

@0
S1 is 0
S2 is 0

@50
S1 is 1
S3 is 1

@100
S3 is low

@150
S1 is 1
S2 is 1
S3 is high

@200
S3 is 0
@enduml

[Ref. QA-9053]

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Annotate signal with comment

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
binary "Binary Serial Data" as D
robust "Robust" as R
concise "Concise" as C

@-3
D is low: idle
R is lo: idle
C is 1: idle
@-1
D is high: start
R is hi: start
C is 0: start

@0
D is low: 1 lsb
R is lo: 1 lsb
C is 1: lsb

@1
D is high: 0
R is hi: 0
C is 0

@6
D is low: 1
R is lo: 1
C is 1

@7
D is high: 0 msb
R is hi: 0 msb
C is 0: msb

@8
D is low: stop
R is lo: stop
C is 1: stop

@0 <-> @8 : Serial data bits for ASCII "A" (Little Endian)
@enduml

[Ref. QA-15762, and QH-888]

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