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시퀀스 다이어그램

Creating sequence diagrams with PlantUML is remarkably straightforward. This ease of use is largely attributed to the user-friendly nature of its syntax, designed to be both intuitive and easy to remember.

• Intuitive Syntax:

First and foremost, users appreciate the straightforward and intuitive syntax that PlantUML employs. This well-thought-out design means that even those new to diagram creation find it easy to grasp the basics quickly and without hassle.

• Text-to-Graphic Correlation:

Another distinguishing feature is the close resemblance between the textual representation and the graphical output. This harmonious correlation ensures that the textual drafts translate quite accurately into graphical diagrams, providing a cohesive and predictable design experience without unpleasant surprises in the final output.

• Efficient Crafting Process:

The strong correlation between the text and the graphical result not only simplifies the crafting process but also significantly speeds it up. Users benefit from a more streamlined process with fewer requirements for time-consuming revisions and adjustments.

• Visualization While Drafting:

The ability to envisage the final graphical outcome while drafting the text is a feature that many find invaluable. It naturally fosters a smooth transition from initial draft to final presentation, enhancing productivity and reducing the likelihood of errors.

• Easy Edits and Revisions:

Importantly, editing existing diagrams is a hassle-free process. Since the diagrams are generated from text, users find that making adjustments is considerably easier and more precise than altering an image using graphical tools. It boils down to simply modifying the text, a process far more straightforward and less prone to errors than making changes through a graphical interface with a mouse.

PlantUML facilitates a straightforward and user-friendly approach to creating and editing sequence diagrams, meeting the needs of both novices and seasoned designers alike. It skillfully leverages the simplicity of textual inputs to craft visually descriptive and accurate diagrams, thereby establishing itself as a must-have tool in the diagram creation toolkit.

You can learn more about some of the [common commands in PlantUML](commons) to enhance your diagram creation experience.

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기본 예제

시퀀스 ->는 두 참여자들 사이의 메시지를 그리기 위해 사용된다. 참여자들은 명시적으로 선언하지 않아도 된다.

점선 화살표를 만들기 위해서는 -->를 사용한다.

또한 <-과 <--를 사용할 수 있다. 출력되는 그림은 변경되지 않지만, 가독성을 향상시키는데 사용할 수 있다. 이는 시퀀스 다이어그램에만 적용되며, 다른 다이어그램에는 다른 규칙이 적용된다.

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@startuml Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response Alice -> Bob: Another authentication Request Alice <-- Bob: another authentication Response @enduml

WARNING

 This translation need to be updated. 

WARNING

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참여자(participant) 선언

참여자를 선언하기 위해 participant 키워드를 사용하면, 해당 참여자에 더 많은 제어를 할 수 있습니다.

선언의 순서는 (기본으로) 표시되는 순서가됩니다.

또한, 참여자 선언에 다음과 같은 키워드를 사용하면, 참여자를 나타내는 모양을 바꿀 수 있습니다.

• actor
• boundary
• control
• entity
• database
• collections
• queue

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@startuml participant Participant as Foo actor Actor as Foo1 boundary Boundary as Foo2 control Control as Foo3 entity Entity as Foo4 database Database as Foo5 collections Collections as Foo6 queue Queue as Foo7 Foo -> Foo1 : To actor Foo -> Foo2 : To boundary Foo -> Foo3 : To control Foo -> Foo4 : To entity Foo -> Foo5 : To database Foo -> Foo6 : To collections Foo -> Foo7: To queue @enduml

as 키워드를 이용하여 참여자의 이름을 변경 할 수 있다.

또한, 참여자(actor, participant)의 배경 색을 변경 할 수도 있다.

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@startuml actor Bob #red ' The only difference between actor 'and participant is the drawing participant Alice participant "I have a really\nlong name" as L #99FF99 /' You can also declare: participant L as "I have a really\nlong name" #99FF99 '/ Alice->Bob: Authentication Request Bob->Alice: Authentication Response Bob->L: Log transaction @enduml

order 키워드를 이용하여, 참여자의 출력 순서를 지정할 수 있다.

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@startuml participant Last order 30 participant Middle order 20 participant First order 10 @enduml

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여러줄에서 참여자 선언하기

참여자를 여러줄에서 선언할 수 있습니다.

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@startuml participant Participant [ =Title ---- ""SubTitle"" ] participant Bob Participant -> Bob @enduml

[Ref. QA-15232]

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참여자에서 특수문자 사용하기

따옴표를 사용하여 참여자를 정의할 수 있다. 그리고 "as" 키워드를 사용하여 참여자를 별칭으로 사용 할 수도 있다.

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@startuml Alice -> "Bob()" : Hello "Bob()" -> "This is very\nlong" as Long ' You can also declare: ' "Bob()" -> Long as "This is very\nlong" Long --> "Bob()" : ok @enduml

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자신에게 메시지 보내기

참여자는 자기 자신에게 메시지를 보낼 수 있다.

\n 을 이용해서 여러 줄로 쓰는 것도 가능하다

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@startuml Alice -> Alice: This is a signal to self.\nIt also demonstrates\nmultiline \ntext @enduml

🎉 Copied!

@startuml Alice <- Alice: This is a signal to self.\nIt also demonstrates\nmultiline \ntext @enduml

[Ref. QA-1361]

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텍스트 정렬

화살표의 텍스트 정렬은 skinparam sequenceMessageAlign을 사용하여 left, right, center를 설정할 수 있습니다.

direction 또는 reverseDirection을 사용하여 화살표 방향에 따라 텍스트 정렬을 할 수 있습니다. skinparam 페이지에서 상세한 예제를 볼 수 있습니다.

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@startuml skinparam sequenceMessageAlign right Bob -> Alice : Request Alice -> Bob : Response @enduml

응답 메세지 텍스트를 화살표 아래에 배치하기

skinparam responseMessageBelowArrow true 명령을 이용하여 응답 메세지 텍스트를 화살표 하단에 배치할 수 있습니다.

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@startuml skinparam responseMessageBelowArrow true Bob -> Alice : hello Bob <- Alice : ok @enduml

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화살표 스타일 변경

다음 방법으로 화살표 스타일을 바꿀 수 있다 :

• 끝 부분에 x를 추가하여 메시지가 전달되지 않았음을 표시 할 수 있다.
• < 나 > 대신에 \ 나 / 를 사용해서
• 아래쪽이나 위쪽 화살표만 표시한다.
• {$>$}를 두번 사용하여 화살표 모양을 얇게 표시 할 수 있다. (예. >>)
• - 대신 -- 를 사용해서 점선 화살표를 표시한다.
• 화살표 다음에 "o" 추가도 가능하다.
• 양쪽 끝에 화살표 추가도 가능하다.

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@startuml Bob ->x Alice Bob -> Alice Bob ->> Alice Bob -\ Alice Bob \\- Alice Bob //-- Alice Bob ->o Alice Bob o\\-- Alice Bob <-> Alice Bob <->o Alice @enduml

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화살표 색상 변경

다음의 표기법을 이용해서 각각 화살표의 색상을 바꿀 수 있다.

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@startuml Bob -[#red]> Alice : hello Alice -[#0000FF]->Bob : ok @enduml

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메시지 순서에 번호 매기기

autonumber 키워드는 메시지에 자동으로 증가하는 번호를 매길 때에 사용합니다.

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@startuml autonumber Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response @enduml

autonumber <시작번호> 의 형태로 표시하면 특정 번호로 시작 할 수 있으며, autonumber <시작번호> <증가값> 으로 표시 할 경우 증가 값을 조정하는 것도 가능하다.

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@startuml autonumber Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response autonumber 15 Bob -> Alice : Another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Another authentication Response autonumber 40 10 Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response @enduml

쌍따옴표를 이용하여 표시 형식을 바꿀 수도 있다.

표시 형식은 자바 클래스 DecimalFormat 을 사용한다. (0 은 숫자를 의미하며, # 은 숫자로 표시하되, 빈 자리이면 0 으로 채우라는 뜻이다).

몇 가지 html 태그를 사용 할 수 있다.

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@startuml autonumber "<b>[000]" Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response autonumber 15 "<b>(<u>##</u>)" Bob -> Alice : Another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Another authentication Response autonumber 40 10 "<font color=red><b>Message 0 " Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response @enduml

또한, autonumber stop 키워드를 이용하여 번호 매김을 일시 정지할 수 있으며, autonumber resume <증가값> <표시형식> 키워드를 이용하여 계속해서 번호를 매길 수 있다.

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@startuml autonumber 10 10 "<b>[000]" Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response autonumber stop Bob -> Alice : dummy autonumber resume "<font color=red><b>Message 0 " Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response autonumber stop Bob -> Alice : dummy autonumber resume 1 "<font color=blue><b>Message 0 " Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response @enduml

., ;, ,, : 같은 필드 구분자 또는 필드 구분자의 조합으로 2자리 또는 3자리의 번호의 시작 번호를 사용할 수 있습니다. 예제: 1.1.1 또는 1.1:1.

자동으로 마지막 자릿수가 증가합니다.

첫째자리를 증가하려면, autonumber inc A를 사용하십시오. 둘째자리를 증가하려면, autonumber inc B를 사용하십시오.

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@startuml autonumber 1.1.1 Alice -> Bob: Authentication request Bob --> Alice: Response autonumber inc A 'Now we have 2.1.1 Alice -> Bob: Another authentication request Bob --> Alice: Response autonumber inc B 'Now we have 2.2.1 Alice -> Bob: Another authentication request Bob --> Alice: Response autonumber inc A 'Now we have 3.1.1 Alice -> Bob: Another authentication request autonumber inc B 'Now we have 3.2.1 Bob --> Alice: Response @enduml

%autonumber% 변수를 사용하여 autonumber를 사용할 수 있습니다.:

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@startuml autonumber 10 Alice -> Bob note right the <U+0025>autonumber<U+0025> works everywhere. Here, its value is ** %autonumber% ** end note Bob --> Alice: //This is the response %autonumber%// @enduml

[Ref. QA-7119]

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페이지 제목, 머리말과 꼬리말

title 키워드를 이용하여 페이지에 제목을 추가할 수 있다.

또한, header 와 footer 를 이용하여, 각각 머리말과 꼬리말을 표시할 수도 있다.

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@startuml header Page Header footer Page %page% of %lastpage% title Example Title Alice -> Bob : message 1 Alice -> Bob : message 2 @enduml

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다이어그램 분리

newpage 키워드를 이용하여, 다이어그램을 여러 개의 이미지로 분리 할 수 있다.

newpage 키워드 뒤에 바로 새로 생성되는 페이지의 제목을 넣을 수 있다.

여러 페이지에 걸쳐 있는 긴 다이어그램을 출력할 때 유용하다.

(주: 예제에서 첫 번째 페이지만 표시되었지만, 실제로 잘 동작하는 기능이다.)

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@startuml Alice -> Bob : message 1 Alice -> Bob : message 2 newpage Alice -> Bob : message 3 Alice -> Bob : message 4 newpage A title for the\nlast page Alice -> Bob : message 5 Alice -> Bob : message 6 @enduml

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메세지 그룹화

다음과 같은 키워드들을 사용하여 메세지를 그룹화 할 수 있다:

• alt/else
• opt
• loop
• par
• break
• critical
• group, 화면에 보여질 텍스트

헤더에 표시될 텍스트를 추가할 수 있다. (group에 대해서는, 다음 '보조 그룹 레이블'을 참조하십시오.).

end 키워드는 그룹을 닫는데 사용한다.

또한, 그룹을 중첩해서 만들 수도 있다.

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@startuml Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request alt successful case Bob -> Alice: Authentication Accepted else some kind of failure Bob -> Alice: Authentication Failure group My own label Alice -> Log : Log attack start loop 1000 times Alice -> Bob: DNS Attack end Alice -> Log : Log attack end end else Another type of failure Bob -> Alice: Please repeat end @enduml

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보조 그룹 레이블

group을 위해, [ 하고 ] 사이에, 머릿글에 표시되도록 보조 문자열이나 레이블을 추가할 수 있습니다.

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@startuml Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob -> Alice: Authentication Failure group My own label [My own label 2] Alice -> Log : Log attack start loop 1000 times Alice -> Bob: DNS Attack end Alice -> Log : Log attack end end @enduml

[Ref. QA-2503]

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메시지에 노트 추가하기

메시지 다음에 note left 나 note right 키워드를 이용하여, 메시지에 노트를 추가할 수 있다.

또한, 한 번에 여러 줄의 노트를 추가하는 경우에는 end note 를 이용하여, 노트의 끝을 표시해 주어야 한다.

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@startuml Alice->Bob : hello note left: this is a first note Bob->Alice : ok note right: this is another note Bob->Bob : I am thinking note left a note can also be defined on several lines end note @enduml

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다른 형태의 노트들

note left of , note right of, note over 키워드를 이용하여 참여자의 상대적인 위치에 노트를 추가할 수도 있다.

노트의 배경 색을 변경함으로써, 노트를 강조하는 것도 가능하다.

한 번에 여러 줄의 노트를 추가하는 경우에는, end note 를 이용하여 노트의 끝을 표시해 주어야 한다.

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@startuml participant Alice participant Bob note left of Alice #aqua This is displayed left of Alice. end note note right of Alice: This is displayed right of Alice. note over Alice: This is displayed over Alice. note over Alice, Bob #FFAAAA: This is displayed\n over Bob and Alice. note over Bob, Alice This is yet another example of a long note. end note @enduml

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노트 모양 바꾸기

hnote 와 rnote 키워드를 이용하여, 노트의 모양을 바꿀 수 있습니다:

• hnote는 육각형 노트;
• rnote는 사각형 노트.

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@startuml caller -> server : conReq hnote over caller : idle caller <- server : conConf rnote over server "r" as rectangle "h" as hexagon endrnote rnote over server this is on several lines endrnote hnote over caller this is on several lines endhnote @enduml

[Ref. QA-1765]

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Note over all participants [across]

다음의 문법을 이용해서 모든 참여자에 걸치도록 노트를 작성할 수 있다:

• note across: note_description

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@startuml Alice->Bob:m1 Bob->Charlie:m2 note over Alice, Charlie: Old method for note over all part. with:\n ""note over //FirstPart, LastPart//"". note across: New method with:\n""note across"" Bob->Alice hnote across:Note across all part. @enduml

[Ref. QA-9738]

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Several notes aligned at the same level [/]

/ 을 사용하여 여러 개의 note를 같은 레벨로 정렬하여 작성할 수 있다 :

• without /(by default, the notes are not aligned)

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@startuml note over Alice : initial state of Alice note over Bob : initial state of Bob Bob -> Alice : hello @enduml

• with /(the notes are aligned)

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@startuml note over Alice : initial state of Alice / note over Bob : initial state of Bob Bob -> Alice : hello @enduml

[Ref. QA-354]

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Creole 과 HTML

creole 문법을 사용할 수도 있다:

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@startuml participant Alice participant "The **Famous** Bob" as Bob Alice -> Bob : hello --there-- ... Some ~~long delay~~ ... Bob -> Alice : ok note left This is **bold** This is //italics// This is ""monospaced"" This is --stroked-- This is __underlined__ This is ~~waved~~ end note Alice -> Bob : A //well formatted// message note right of Alice This is <back:cadetblue><size:18>displayed</size></back> __left of__ Alice. end note note left of Bob <u:red>This</u> is <color #118888>displayed</color> **<color purple>left of</color> <s:red>Alice</strike> Bob**. end note note over Alice, Bob <w:#FF33FF>This is hosted</w> by <img sourceforge.jpg> end note @enduml

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구분자 또는 분리자

== 구분자를 이용하여, 다이어그램을 논리적인 단계로 구분하여 나눌 수 있다.

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@startuml == Initialization == Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response == Repetition == Alice -> Bob: Another authentication Request Alice <-- Bob: another authentication Response @enduml

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참조

ref over 키워드를 이용하여, 다이어그램에 참조를 표시할 수 있다.

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@startuml participant Alice actor Bob ref over Alice, Bob : init Alice -> Bob : hello ref over Bob This can be on several lines end ref @enduml

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지연

... 을 이용하여, 다이어그램에 지연 상태를 나타낼 수 있으며, 그 위에 메시지를 추가할 수도 있다.

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@startuml Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request ... Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response ...5 minutes latter... Bob --> Alice: Bye ! @enduml

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문장 줄 바꿈

긴 메시지를 줄 바꿈하려면, 문장 안에 \n을 추가한다.

다른 방법은 maxMessageSize 설정을 사용한다:

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@startuml skinparam maxMessageSize 50 participant a participant b a -> b :this\nis\nmanually\ndone a -> b :this is a very long message on several words @enduml

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공백

||| 을 이용하여 다이어그램에 공백을 나타낼 수 있으며, 공백에 얼마만큼의 픽셀을 사용할 것인지 숫자로 명시할 수도 있다.

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@startuml Alice -> Bob: message 1 Bob --> Alice: ok ||| Alice -> Bob: message 2 Bob --> Alice: ok ||45|| Alice -> Bob: message 3 Bob --> Alice: ok @enduml

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생명선 활성화 및 비활성화

activate 와 deactivate 는 참여자의 활성화 여부를 표현하는데 사용한다.

참여자가 활성화되면, 참여자의 생명선이 나타난다.

activate 와 deactivate 는 바로 이전의 메시지에 적용된다.

destroy 는 참여자의 생명선이 끝났음을 표현한다.

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@startuml participant User User -> A: DoWork activate A A -> B: << createRequest >> activate B B -> C: DoWork activate C C --> B: WorkDone destroy C B --> A: RequestCreated deactivate B A -> User: Done deactivate A @enduml

생명선은 중첩해서 사용할 수 있으며, 생명선에 색 을 넣을 수도 있다.

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@startuml participant User User -> A: DoWork activate A #FFBBBB A -> A: Internal call activate A #DarkSalmon A -> B: << createRequest >> activate B B --> A: RequestCreated deactivate B deactivate A A -> User: Done deactivate A @enduml

return 키워드를 사용하여 자동활성화도 가능합니다.

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@startuml autoactivate on alice -> bob : hello bob -> bob : self call bill -> bob #005500 : hello from thread 2 bob -> george ** : create return done in thread 2 return rc bob -> george !! : delete return success @enduml

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리턴

return 명령은 추가 텍스트 레이블과 함께 리턴 메시지를 생성합니다.

리턴되는 지점은 가장 최근에 생명선을 활성화 시킨 지점의 출발점이 된다.

문법은 간단히 return label 이며, label은 기존의 메시지와 마찬가지로 임의의 문자열을 쓸 수 있다.

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@startuml Bob -> Alice : hello activate Alice Alice -> Alice : some action return bye @enduml

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참여자 생성

해당 메시지가 실제로 새 객체를 생성한다는 걸 강조하기 위해, 참여자가 첫 번째 메시지를 수신하기 전에 create 키워드를 사용할 수 있다.

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@startuml Bob -> Alice : hello create Other Alice -> Other : new create control String Alice -> String note right : You can also put notes! Alice --> Bob : ok @enduml

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활성화, 비활성화, 생성을 위한 단축키

참여대상을 지정한 직후 다음 문법을 사용할 수 있습니다:

• ++ 대상 활성화 (추가로 색을 따를 수 있습니다.)
• -- 원본 비활성화
• ** 대상 인스턴스 생성
• !! 대상 인스턴스 파괴

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@startuml alice -> bob ++ : hello bob -> bob ++ : self call bob -> bib ++ #005500 : hello bob -> george ** : create return done return rc bob -> george !! : delete return success @enduml

같은 줄에서 대상의 활성화와 비활성화를 혼용할 수 있습니다.

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@startuml alice -> bob ++ : hello1 bob -> charlie --++ : hello2 charlie --> alice -- : ok @enduml

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@startuml @startuml alice -> bob --++ #gold: hello bob -> alice --++ #gold: you too alice -> bob --: step1 alice -> bob : step2 @enduml @enduml

[Ref. QA-4834, QA-9573 and QA-13234]

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Incoming and outgoing messages

You can use incoming or outgoing arrows if you want to focus on a part of the diagram.

Use square brackets to denote the left "[" or the right "]" side of the diagram.

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@startuml [-> A: DoWork activate A A -> A: Internal call activate A A ->] : << createRequest >> A<--] : RequestCreated deactivate A [<- A: Done deactivate A @enduml

You can also have the following syntax:

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@startuml [-> Bob [o-> Bob [o->o Bob [x-> Bob [<- Bob [x<- Bob Bob ->] Bob ->o] Bob o->o] Bob ->x] Bob <-] Bob x<-] @enduml

WARNING

 This translation need to be updated. 

WARNING

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Short arrows for incoming and outgoing messages

You can have short arrows with using ?.

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@startuml ?-> Alice : ""?->""\n**short** to actor1 [-> Alice : ""[->""\n**from start** to actor1 [-> Bob : ""[->""\n**from start** to actor2 ?-> Bob : ""?->""\n**short** to actor2 Alice ->] : ""->]""\nfrom actor1 **to end** Alice ->? : ""->?""\n**short** from actor1 Alice -> Bob : ""->"" \nfrom actor1 to actor2 @enduml

[Ref. QA-310]

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Anchors and Duration

With teoz it is possible to add anchors to the diagram and use the anchors to specify duration time.

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@startuml !pragma teoz true {start} Alice -> Bob : start doing things during duration Bob -> Max : something Max -> Bob : something else {end} Bob -> Alice : finish {start} <-> {end} : some time @enduml

You can use the -Pcommand-line option to specify the pragma:

java -jar plantuml.jar -Pteoz=true

[Ref. issue-582]

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Stereotypes and Spots

It is possible to add stereotypes to participants using << and >>.

In the stereotype, you can add a spotted character in a colored circle using the syntax (X,color).

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@startuml participant "Famous Bob" as Bob << Generated >> participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) Testable >> Bob->Alice: First message @enduml

By default, the guillemet character is used to display the stereotype. You can change this behavious using the skinparam guillemet:

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@startuml skinparam guillemet false participant "Famous Bob" as Bob << Generated >> participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) Testable >> Bob->Alice: First message @enduml

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@startuml participant Bob << (C,#ADD1B2) >> participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) >> Bob->Alice: First message @enduml

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Position of the stereotypes

It is possible to define stereotypes position (top or bottom) with the command skinparam stereotypePosition.

Top postion (by default)

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@startuml skinparam stereotypePosition top participant A<<st1>> participant B<<st2>> A --> B : stereo test @enduml

Bottom postion

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@startuml skinparam stereotypePosition bottom participant A<<st1>> participant B<<st2>> A --> B : stereo test @enduml

[Ref. QA-18650]

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More information on titles

You can use creole formatting in the title.

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@startuml title __Simple__ **communication** example Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response @enduml

You can add newline using \n in the title description.

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@startuml title __Simple__ communication example\non several lines Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response @enduml

You can also define title on several lines using title and end title keywords.

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@startuml title <u>Simple</u> communication example on <i>several</i> lines and using <font color=red>html</font> This is hosted by <img:sourceforge.jpg> end title Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response @enduml

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Participants encompass

It is possible to draw a box around some participants, using box and end box commands.

You can add an optional title or a optional background color, after the box keyword.

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@startuml box "Internal Service" #LightBlue participant Bob participant Alice end box participant Other Bob -> Alice : hello Alice -> Other : hello @enduml

It is also possible to nest boxes - to draw a box within a box - when using the teoz rendering engine, for example:

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@startuml !pragma teoz true box "Internal Service" #LightBlue participant Bob box "Subteam" participant Alice participant John end box end box participant Other Bob -> Alice : hello Alice -> John : hello John -> Other: Hello @enduml

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Removing Footer

You can use the hide footbox keywords to remove the footer of the diagram.

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@startuml hide footbox title Footer removed Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response @enduml

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Skinparam

You can use the skinparam command to change colors and fonts for the drawing.

You can use this command:

• In the diagram definition, like any other commands,
• In an included file,
• In a configuration file, provided in the command line or the ANT task.

You can also change other rendering parameter, as seen in the following examples:

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@startuml skinparam sequenceArrowThickness 2 skinparam roundcorner 20 skinparam maxmessagesize 60 skinparam sequenceParticipant underline actor User participant "First Class" as A participant "Second Class" as B participant "Last Class" as C User -> A: DoWork activate A A -> B: Create Request activate B B -> C: DoWork activate C C --> B: WorkDone destroy C B --> A: Request Created deactivate B A --> User: Done deactivate A @enduml

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@startuml skinparam backgroundColor #EEEBDC skinparam handwritten true skinparam sequence { ArrowColor DeepSkyBlue ActorBorderColor DeepSkyBlue LifeLineBorderColor blue LifeLineBackgroundColor #A9DCDF ParticipantBorderColor DeepSkyBlue ParticipantBackgroundColor DodgerBlue ParticipantFontName Impact ParticipantFontSize 17 ParticipantFontColor #A9DCDF ActorBackgroundColor aqua ActorFontColor DeepSkyBlue ActorFontSize 17 ActorFontName Aapex } actor User participant "First Class" as A participant "Second Class" as B participant "Last Class" as C User -> A: DoWork activate A A -> B: Create Request activate B B -> C: DoWork activate C C --> B: WorkDone destroy C B --> A: Request Created deactivate B A --> User: Done deactivate A @enduml

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Changing padding

It is possible to tune some padding settings.

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@startuml skinparam ParticipantPadding 20 skinparam BoxPadding 10 box "Foo1" participant Alice1 participant Alice2 end box box "Foo2" participant Bob1 participant Bob2 end box Alice1 -> Bob1 : hello Alice1 -> Out : out @enduml

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Appendix: Examples of all arrow type

Normal arrow

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@startuml participant Alice as a participant Bob as b a -> b : ""-> "" a ->> b : ""->> "" a -\ b : ""-\ "" a -\\ b : ""-\\\\"" a -/ b : ""-/ "" a -// b : ""-// "" a ->x b : ""->x "" a x-> b : ""x-> "" a o-> b : ""o-> "" a ->o b : ""->o "" a o->o b : ""o->o "" a <-> b : ""<-> "" a o<->o b : ""o<->o"" a x<->x b : ""x<->x"" a ->>o b : ""->>o "" a -\o b : ""-\o "" a -\\o b : ""-\\\\o"" a -/o b : ""-/o "" a -//o b : ""-//o "" a x->o b : ""x->o "" @enduml

Itself arrow

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@startuml participant Alice as a participant Bob as b a -> a : ""-> "" a ->> a : ""->> "" a -\ a : ""-\ "" a -\\ a : ""-\\\\"" a -/ a : ""-/ "" a -// a : ""-// "" a ->x a : ""->x "" a x-> a : ""x-> "" a o-> a : ""o-> "" a ->o a : ""->o "" a o->o a : ""o->o "" a <-> a : ""<-> "" a o<->o a : ""o<->o"" a x<->x a : ""x<->x"" a ->>o a : ""->>o "" a -\o a : ""-\o "" a -\\o a : ""-\\\\o"" a -/o a : ""-/o "" a -//o a : ""-//o "" a x->o a : ""x->o "" @enduml

Incoming and outgoing messages (with '[', ']')

Incoming messages (with '[')

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@startuml participant Alice as a participant Bob as b [-> b : ""[-> "" [->> b : ""[->> "" [-\ b : ""[-\ "" [-\\ b : ""[-\\\\"" [-/ b : ""[-/ "" [-// b : ""[-// "" [->x b : ""[->x "" [x-> b : ""[x-> "" [o-> b : ""[o-> "" [->o b : ""[->o "" [o->o b : ""[o->o "" [<-> b : ""[<-> "" [o<->o b : ""[o<->o"" [x<->x b : ""[x<->x"" [->>o b : ""[->>o "" [-\o b : ""[-\o "" [-\\o b : ""[-\\\\o"" [-/o b : ""[-/o "" [-//o b : ""[-//o "" [x->o b : ""[x->o "" @enduml

Outgoing messages (with ']')

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@startuml participant Alice as a participant Bob as b a ->] : ""->] "" a ->>] : ""->>] "" a -\] : ""-\] "" a -\\] : ""-\\\\]"" a -/] : ""-/] "" a -//] : ""-//] "" a ->x] : ""->x] "" a x->] : ""x->] "" a o->] : ""o->] "" a ->o] : ""->o] "" a o->o] : ""o->o] "" a <->] : ""<->] "" a o<->o] : ""o<->o]"" a x<->x] : ""x<->x]"" a ->>o] : ""->>o] "" a -\o] : ""-\o] "" a -\\o] : ""-\\\\o]"" a -/o] : ""-/o] "" a -//o] : ""-//o] "" a x->o] : ""x->o] "" @enduml

Short incoming and outgoing messages (with '?')

Short incoming (with '?')

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@startuml participant Alice as a participant Bob as b a -> b : //Long long label// ?-> b : ""?-> "" ?->> b : ""?->> "" ?-\ b : ""?-\ "" ?-\\ b : ""?-\\\\"" ?-/ b : ""?-/ "" ?-// b : ""?-// "" ?->x b : ""?->x "" ?x-> b : ""?x-> "" ?o-> b : ""?o-> "" ?->o b : ""?->o "" ?o->o b : ""?o->o "" ?<-> b : ""?<-> "" ?o<->o b : ""?o<->o"" ?x<->x b : ""?x<->x"" ?->>o b : ""?->>o "" ?-\o b : ""?-\o "" ?-\\o b : ""?-\\\\o "" ?-/o b : ""?-/o "" ?-//o b : ""?-//o "" ?x->o b : ""?x->o "" @enduml

Short outgoing (with '?')

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@startuml participant Alice as a participant Bob as b a -> b : //Long long label// a ->? : ""->? "" a ->>? : ""->>? "" a -\? : ""-\? "" a -\\? : ""-\\\\?"" a -/? : ""-/? "" a -//? : ""-//? "" a ->x? : ""->x? "" a x->? : ""x->? "" a o->? : ""o->? "" a ->o? : ""->o? "" a o->o? : ""o->o? "" a <->? : ""<->? "" a o<->o? : ""o<->o?"" a x<->x? : ""x<->x?"" a ->>o? : ""->>o? "" a -\o? : ""-\o? "" a -\\o? : ""-\\\\o?"" a -/o? : ""-/o? "" a -//o? : ""-//o? "" a x->o? : ""x->o? "" @enduml

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Specific SkinParameter

By default

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@startuml Bob -> Alice : hello Alice -> Bob : ok @enduml

LifelineStrategy

• nosolid (by default)

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@startuml skinparam lifelineStrategy nosolid Bob -> Alice : hello Alice -> Bob : ok @enduml

[Ref. QA-9016]

• solid

In order to have solid life line in sequence diagrams, you can use: skinparam lifelineStrategy solid

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@startuml skinparam lifelineStrategy solid Bob -> Alice : hello Alice -> Bob : ok @enduml

[Ref. QA-2794]

style strictuml

To be conform to strict UML (for arrow style: emits triangle rather than sharp arrowheads), you can use:

• skinparam style strictuml

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@startuml skinparam style strictuml Bob -> Alice : hello Alice -> Bob : ok @enduml

[Ref. QA-1047]

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Hide unlinked participant

By default, all participants are displayed.

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@startuml participant Alice participant Bob participant Carol Alice -> Bob : hello @enduml

But you can hide unlinked participant.

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@startuml hide unlinked participant Alice participant Bob participant Carol Alice -> Bob : hello @enduml

[Ref. QA-4247]

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Color a group message

It is possible to color a group messages:

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@startuml Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request alt#Gold #LightBlue Successful case Bob -> Alice: Authentication Accepted else #Pink Failure Bob -> Alice: Authentication Rejected end @enduml

[Ref. QA-4750 and QA-6410]

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Mainframe

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@startuml mainframe This is a **mainframe** Alice->Bob : Hello @enduml

[Ref. QA-4019 and Issue#148]

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Slanted or odd arrows

You can use the (nn) option (before or after arrow) to make the arrows slanted, where nn is the number of shift pixels.

[Available only after v1.2022.6beta+]

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@startuml A ->(10) B: text 10 B ->(10) A: text 10 A ->(10) B: text 10 A (10)<- B: text 10 @enduml

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@startuml A ->(40) B++: Rq B -->(20) A--: Rs @enduml

[Ref. QA-14145]

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@startuml !pragma teoz true A ->(50) C: Starts\nwhen 'B' sends & B ->(25) C: \nBut B's message\n arrives before A's @enduml

[Ref. QA-6684]

🎉 Copied!

@startuml !pragma teoz true S1 ->(30) S2: msg 1\n & S2 ->(30) S1: msg 2 note left S1: msg\nS2 to S1 & note right S2: msg\nS1 to S2 @enduml

[Ref. QA-1072]

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Parallel messages (with teoz)

You can use the &teoz command to display parallel messages:

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@startuml !pragma teoz true Alice -> Bob : hello & Bob -> Charlie : hi @enduml

(See also Teoz architecture)