时序图 用例图 类图 活动图 组件图 状态图 对象图 部署图 定时图 Regex Network Wireframe Archimate Gantt MindMap WBS EBNF JSON YAML
PlantUML Language specification Activity Diagram (beta)

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活动图

活动图描述工作流或流程：各个步骤、它们的顺序，以及分支和并行路径。它适合用于业务流程、算法，以及任何从起点流向终点的过程。

在 PlantUML 中，每个活动写成一行，使用箭头和 if、repeat、fork 等关键字来表达控制流。图形会自动生成。

如果您在维护旧图，旧版语法仍受支持，但不再推荐用于新图。

所有图类型通用的功能，请参阅通用命令。

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简单的行动

活动标签以: 开始，以; 结束。

文本格式可以使用克里奥尔语的维基语法。

它们的定义顺序是隐性链接的。

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@startuml
:Hello world;
:This is defined on
several **lines**;
@enduml

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Other simple action (defined as a list)

Simple action list separated by -

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@startuml
- Action 1
- Action 2
- Action 3
@enduml

Simple action list separated by *

With one level

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@startuml
* Action 1
* Action 2
* Action 3
@enduml

With several levels

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@startuml
<style>
element {MinimumWidth 150}
</style>
* Action 1
** Sub-Action 1.1
** Sub-Action 1.2
*** Sub-Action 1.2.1
*** Sub-Action 1.2.2
* Action 2
@enduml

[Ref. GH-2376]

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开始/停止/结束

你可以使用start 和stop 关键字来表示一个图的开始和结束 。

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@startuml
start
:Hello world;
:This is defined on
several **lines**;
stop
@enduml

你也可以使用end 关键字。

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
:Hello world;
:This is defined on
several **lines**;
end
@enduml

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条件

你可以使用if,then, break和else 关键词来在你的图表中放入测试。 标签可以用圆括号提供。

有3种语法可供选择。

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml

start

if (Graphviz installed?) then (yes)
  :process all\ndiagrams;
else (no)
  :process only
  __sequence__ and __activity__ diagrams;
endif

stop

@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
if (color?) is (<color:red>red) then
:print red;
else 
:print not red;
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
if (counter?) equals (5) then
:print 5;
else 
:print not 5;
@enduml

[Ref.QA-301]

几个测试（水平模式）

你可以使用elseif 关键字来拥有几个测试（默认是水平模式）。

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
if (condition A) then (yes)
  :Text 1;
elseif (condition B) then (yes)
  :Text 2;
  stop
(no) elseif (condition C) then (yes)
  :Text 3;
(no) elseif (condition D) then (yes)
  :Text 4;
else (nothing)
  :Text else;
endif
stop
@enduml

几个测试（垂直模式）

你可以使用!pragma useVerticalIf on 命令，让测试处于垂直模式。

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@startuml
!pragma useVerticalIf on
start
if (condition A) then (yes)
  :Text 1;
elseif (condition B) then (yes)
  :Text 2;
  stop
elseif (condition C) then (yes)
  :Text 3;
elseif (condition D) then (yes)
  :Text 4;
else (nothing)
  :Text else;
endif
stop
@enduml

你可以使用-P command-line[命令行]选项来指定pragma。 

java -jar plantuml.jar -PuseVerticalIf=on

[参考文献：QA-3931,issue-582] 。

*[Refs. [QA-3931](https:forum.plantuml.net/3931/please-provide-elseif-structure-vertically-activity-diagrams), [GH-582](https:github.com/plantuml/plantuml/issues/582)]*

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WARNING

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Switch判断 [switch, case, endswitch]

你可以使用 switch, case 和 endswitch 关键词在图表中绘制Switch判断.

使用括号表示标注.

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@startuml
start
switch (测试?)
case ( 条件 A )
  :Text 1;
case ( 条件 B ) 
  :Text 2;
case ( 条件 C )
  :Text 3;
case ( 条件 D )
  :Text 4;
case ( 条件 E )
  :Text 5;
endswitch
stop
@enduml

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条件判断和终止 [kill, detach]

你可以在if判断中终止一个行为.

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@startuml
if (条件?) then
  :错误;
  stop
endif
#palegreen:行为;
@enduml

但如果你想在特定行为上停止，你可以使用kill 或 detach关键字:

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
if (条件?) then
  #pink:错误;
  kill
endif
#palegreen:行为;
@enduml

[参考. QA-265]

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
if (条件?) then
  #pink:错误;
  detach
endif
#palegreen:行为;
@enduml

WARNING
 This translation need to be updated. 
WARNING

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重复循环

你可以使用关键字repeat和repeatwhile进行重复循环。

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@startuml

start

repeat
  :读取数据;
  :生成图片;
repeat while (更多数据?)

stop

@enduml

你同样可以使用一个全局行为作为repeat目标， 在返回循环开始时使用backward关键字插入一个全局行为。

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@startuml

start

repeat :foo作为开始标注;
  :读取数据;
  :生成图片;
backward:这是一个后撤行为;
repeat while (更多数据?)

stop

@enduml

[Ref. QA-5826]

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WARNING

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打断循环 [break]

你可以使用 break 关键字跟在循环中的某个行为后面打断循环.

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@startuml
start
repeat
  :测试某事;
    if (发生错误?) then (没有)
      #palegreen:好的;
      break
    endif
    ->not ok;
    :弹窗 "文本过长错误";
repeat while (某事发生文本过长错误?) is (是的) not (不是)
->//合并步骤//;
:弹窗 "成功！";
stop
@enduml

[参考： QA-6105]

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WARNING

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Goto和标签处理 [label, goto]

⚠ 目前只是实验性的 🚧

你可以使用label 和goto 关键词来表示Goto处理，其中：

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@startuml
title Point two queries to same activity\nwith `goto`
start
if (Test Question?) then (yes)
'space label only for alignment
label sp_lab0
label sp_lab1
'real label
label lab
:shared;
else (no)
if (Second Test Question?) then (yes)
label sp_lab2
goto sp_lab1
else
:nonShared;
endif
endif
:merge;
@enduml

[Ref.QA-15026,QA-12526and initiallyQA-1626] 。

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while循环

可以使用关键字while和end while进行while循环。

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@startuml

start

while (data available?)
  :read data;
  :generate diagrams;
endwhile

stop

@enduml

还可以在关键字endwhile后添加标注，还有一种方式是使用关键字is。

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
while (check filesize ?) is (not empty)
  :read file;
endwhile (empty)
:close file;
@enduml

如果你使用 +detach+ 来形成一个无限循环, 那么你可能需要使用 +-[hidden]->+ 来隐藏一些不完整的箭头。

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
:Step 1;
if (condition1) then
  while (loop forever)
   :Step 2;
  endwhile
  -[hidden]->
  detach
else
  :end normally;
  stop
endif
@enduml

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WARNING

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并行处理 [fork, fork again, end fork, end merge]

你可以使用fork，fork again和end fork 或者 end merge 等关键字表示并行处理。

fork 示例

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@startuml
start
fork
  :行为 1;
fork again
  :行为 2;
end fork
stop
@enduml

fork 和合并示例

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@startuml
start
fork
  :行为 1;
fork again
  :行为 2;
end merge
stop
@enduml

[参考: QA-5320]

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
fork
  :行为 1;
fork again
  :行为 2;
fork again
  :行为 3;
fork again
  :行为 4;
end merge
stop
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
fork
  :行为 1;
fork again
  :行为 2;
  end
end merge
stop
@enduml

[参考: QA-13731]

end fork 标注 (或 UML 连接规范):

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
fork
  :行为 A;
fork again
  :行为 B;
end fork {或}
stop
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
fork
  :行为 A;
fork again
  :行为 B;
end fork {和}
stop
@enduml

[参考: QA-5346]

其他示例

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml

start

if (多进程处理?) then (是)
  fork
    :进程 1;
  fork again
    :进程 2;
  end fork
else (否)
  :逻辑 1;
  :逻辑 2;
endif

@enduml

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分割处理

分割

你可以使用 split, split again 和 end split 关键字去表达分割处理

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
split
   :A;
split again
   :B;
split again
   :C;
split again
   :a;
   :b;
end split
:D;
end
@enduml

输入分割 (多个入口)

你可以使用包含 hidden 指令的箭头去制造一个输入分割 (多入口):

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
split
   -[hidden]->
   :A;
split again
   -[hidden]->
   :B;
split again
   -[hidden]->
   :C;
end split
:D;
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
split
   -[hidden]->
   :A;
split again
   -[hidden]->
   :a;
   :b;
split again
   -[hidden]->
   (Z)
end split
:D;
@enduml

[参考： QA-8662]

输出分割 (多个结束点)

你可以使用 kill 或 detach 去制造一个输出分割 (多个结束点):

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
split
   :A;
   kill
split again
   :B;
   detach
split again
   :C;
   kill
end split
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
split
   :A;
   kill
split again
   :b;
   :c;
   detach
split again
   (Z)
   detach
split again
   end
split again
   stop
end split
@enduml

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注释

文本格式可以使用克里奥尔维基语法。

可以使用floating 关键字浮动注释。

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@startuml

start
:foo1;
floating note left: This is a note
:foo2;
note right
  This note is on several
  //lines// and can
  contain <b>HTML</b>
  ====
  * Calling the method ""foo()"" is prohibited
end note
stop

@enduml

您可以为后向活动添加注释：

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
repeat :Enter data;
:Submit;
backward :Warning;
note right: Note
repeat while (Valid?) is (No) not (Yes)
stop
@enduml

[Ref.QA-11788]

可以添加分区活动注释：

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
partition "**process** HelloWorld" {
    note
        This is my note
        ----
        //Creole test//
    end note
    :Ready;
    :HelloWorld(i)>
    :Hello-Sent;
}
@enduml

[参考QA-2398］

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WARNING

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改变颜色

你可以为一些活动指定颜色

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@startuml

start
:开始处理;
#HotPink:读取配置文件
这些文件应该在此处编辑;
#AAAAAA:结束处理;

@enduml

你通用可以使用 渐变色.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
partition #red/white test分片 {
        #blue\green:test活动;
}
@enduml

[参考: QA-4906]

WARNING
 This translation need to be updated. 
WARNING

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无箭头连接线

您可以使用 skinparam ArrowHeadColor none 参数来表示仅使用线条连接活动，而不带箭头。

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
skinparam ArrowHeadColor none
start
:Hello world;
:This is on defined on
several **lines**;
stop
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
skinparam ArrowHeadColor none
start
repeat :Enter data;
:Submit;
backward :Warning;
repeat while (Valid?) is (No) not (Yes)
stop
@enduml

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箭头

使用->标记，你可以给箭头添加文字或者修改箭头颜色。

同时，你也可以选择点状 (dotted)，条状(dashed)，加粗或者是隐式箭头

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
:foo1;
-> You can put text on arrows;
if (test) then
  -[#blue]->
  :foo2;
  -[#green,dashed]-> The text can
  also be on several lines
  and **very** long...;
  :foo3;
else
  -[#black,dotted]->
  :foo4;
endif
-[#gray,bold]->
:foo5;
@enduml

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Simple colored arrow [link]

You can use simple colored arrow with the link keyword.

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@startuml
:a;
link #blue
:b;
@enduml

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Multiple colored arrow

You can use multiple colored arrow.

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@startuml
skinparam colorArrowSeparationSpace 1
start
-[#red;#green;#orange;#blue]->
if(a?)then(yes)
-[#red]->
:activity;
-[#red]->
if(c?)then(yes)
-[#maroon,dashed]->
else(no)
-[#red]->
if(b?)then(yes)
-[#maroon,dashed]->
else(no)
-[#blue,dashed;dotted]->
:do a;
-[#red]->
:do b;
-[#red]->
endif
-[#red;#maroon,dashed]->
endif
-[#red;#maroon,dashed]->
elseif(e?)then(yes)
-[#green]->
if(c?)then(yes)
-[#maroon,dashed]->
else(no)
-[#green]->
if(d?)then(yes)
-[#maroon,dashed]->
else(no)
-[#green]->
:do something; <<continuous>>
-[#green]->
endif
-[#green;#maroon,dashed]->
partition dummy {
:some function;
}
-[#green;#maroon,dashed]->
endif
-[#green;#maroon,dashed]->

elseif(f?)then(yes)
-[#orange]->
:activity; <<continuous>>
-[#orange]->
else(no)
-[#blue,dashed;dotted]->
endif
stop
@enduml

[Ref. QA-4411]

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连接器(Connector)

你可以使用括号定义连接器。

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@startuml
start
:Some activity;
(A)
detach
(A)
:Other activity;
@enduml

WARNING
 This translation need to be updated. 
WARNING

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连接器颜色

你可以在连接器上增加 颜色

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@startuml
start
:下面的连接器
应该是蓝色;
#blue:(B)
:下一个连接器应该
看起来应该是
深绿色;
#green:(G)
stop
@enduml

[参考. QA-10077]

[Ref. QA-19975]
WARNING
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WARNING

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组合(grouping)

通过定义分组(group)，你可以把多个活动分组。

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@startuml
start
group 初始化分组 
    :read config file;
    :init internal variable;
end group
group 运行分组
    :wait for user interaction;
    :print information;
end group

stop
@enduml

分区

通过定义分区(partition)，你可以把多个活动组合(group)在一起:

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
partition 初始化分区 {
    :read config file;
    :init internal variable;
}
partition 运行分区 {
    :wait for user interaction;
    :print information;
}

stop
@enduml

这里同样可以改变分区颜色 color:

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
partition #lightGreen "Input Interface" {
    :read config file;
    :init internal variable;
}
partition Running {
    :wait for user interaction;
    :print information;
}
stop
@enduml

[参考: QA-2793]

同样可以添加一个 链接 到分区:

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
partition "[[http://plantuml.com partition_name]]" {
    :read doc. on [[http://plantuml.com plantuml_website]];
    :test diagram;
}
end
@enduml

[参考: QA-542]

分组, 分区, 包, 矩形 或 卡片式

你可以分组活动通过定义:

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
group 分组
  :Activity;
end group
floating note: 分组备注

partition 分区 {
  :Activity;
}
floating note: 分区备注

package 包 {
  :Activity;
}
floating note: 包备注

rectangle 矩形 {
  :Activity;
}
floating note: 矩形备注

card 卡片式 {
  :Activity;
}
floating note: 卡片式备注
end
@enduml

WARNING
 This translation need to be updated. 
WARNING

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泳道(Swimlanes)

你可以使用管道符|来定义泳道。

还可以改变泳道的颜色。

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
|Swimlane1|
start
:foo1;
|#AntiqueWhite|Swimlane2|
:foo2;
:foo3;
|Swimlane1|
:foo4;
|Swimlane2|
:foo5;
stop
@enduml

你可以在泳道中增加 if 判断或 repeat 或 while 循环.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
|#pink|Actor_For_red|
start
if (color?) is (red) then
#pink:**action red**;
:foo1;
else (not red)
|#lightgray|Actor_For_no_red|
#lightgray:**action not red**;
:foo2;
endif
|Next_Actor|
#lightblue:foo3;
:foo4;
|Final_Actor|
#palegreen:foo5;
stop
@enduml

你同样可以在泳道中增加别名，使用 alias 语法:

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
|#palegreen|f| fisherman
|c| cook
|#gold|e| eater
|f|
start
:go fish;
|c|
:fry fish;
|e|
:eat fish;
stop
@enduml

[参考: QA-2681]

WARNING
 This translation need to be updated. 
WARNING

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分离(detach)

可以使用关键字detach 或 kill移除箭头。

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@startuml
 :start;
 fork
   :foo1;
   :foo2;
 fork again
   :foo3;
   detach
 endfork
 if (foo4) then
   :foo5;
   detach
 endif
 :foo6;
 detach
 :foo7;
 stop
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
 :start;
 fork
   :foo1;
   :foo2;
 fork again
   :foo3;
   kill
 endfork
 if (foo4) then
   :foo5;
   kill
 endif
 :foo6;
 kill
 :foo7;
 stop
@enduml

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Emoji as action (with icon stereotype)

You can use emoji as action, with the stereotype <<icon>>:

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@startuml
while (<:cloud_with_rain:>)
  :<:umbrella:>; <<icon>>
endwhile
-<<icon>><:closed_umbrella:>
@enduml

[Ref. GH-2436]

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SDL（规范和描述语言）

SDL 形状名称表

名称 旧语法 定型语法
输入 < <<input>>
输出 > <<output>>
程序 | <<procedure>>
加载 \ <<load>>
保存 / <<save>>
连续 } <<continuous>>
任务 ] <<task>>

[Ref.QA-11518,GH-1270]

SDL using final separator (Deprecated form)

通过更改最终; separator，可以为活动设置不同的渲染：

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
:Ready;
:next(o)|
:Receiving;
split
 :nak(i)<
 :ack(o)>
split again
 :ack(i)<
 :next(o)
 on several lines|
 :i := i + 1]
 :ack(o)>
split again
 :err(i)<
 :nak(o)>
split again
 :foo/
split again
 :bar\\
split again
 :i > 5}
stop
end split
:finish;
@enduml

使用正态分隔符和立体原型的 SDL（当前正式形式）

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@startuml
start
:SDL Shape;
:input; <<input>>
:output; <<output>>
:procedure; <<procedure>>
:load; <<load>>
:save; <<save>>
:continuous; <<continuous>>
:task; <<task>>
end
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
:Ready;
:next(o); <<procedure>>
:Receiving;
split
 :nak(i); <<input>>
 :ack(o); <<output>>
split again
 :ack(i); <<input>>
 :next(o)
 on several lines; <<procedure>>
 :i := i + 1; <<task>>
 :ack(o); <<output>>
split again
 :err(i); <<input>>
 :nak(o); <<output>>
split again
 :foo; <<save>>
split again
 :bar; <<load>>
split again
 :i > 5; <<continuous>>
stop
end split
:finish;
@enduml

WARNING
 This translation need to be updated. 
WARNING

Edit in DokuwikiEdit in AsciidocEdit in Markdown
UML (Unified Modeling Language) Shape (with UML stereotype)

Table of UML Shape Name

Name Stereotype syntax
ObjectNode <<object>>
ObjectNode
typed by signal 		<<objectSignal>> or <<object-signal>>
AcceptEventAction
without TimeEvent trigger 		<<acceptEvent>> or <<accept-event>>
AcceptEventAction
with TimeEvent trigger 		<<timeEvent>> or <<time-event>>
SendSignalAction

SendObjectAction
with signal type 		<<sendSignal>> or <<send-signal>>
Trigger <<trigger>>

[Ref. GH-2185]

UML Shape Example using Stereotype

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
:action;
:object; <<object>>

:ObjectNode
typed by signal; <<objectSignal>>

:AcceptEventAction
without TimeEvent trigger; <<acceptEvent>>

:SendSignalAction; <<sendSignal>>

:SendObjectAction
with signal type; <<sendSignal>>

:Trigger; <<trigger>>

:\t\t\t\t\t\tAcceptEventAction
\t\t\t\t\t\twith TimeEvent trigger; <<timeEvent>>
:an action;
@enduml

[Ref. GH-2185, QA-16558, GH-1659]

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一个完整的例子

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@startuml

start
:ClickServlet.handleRequest();
:new page;
if (Page.onSecurityCheck) then (true)
  :Page.onInit();
  if (isForward?) then (no)
    :Process controls;
    if (continue processing?) then (no)
      stop
    endif

    if (isPost?) then (yes)
      :Page.onPost();
    else (no)
      :Page.onGet();
    endif
    :Page.onRender();
  endif
else (false)
endif

if (do redirect?) then (yes)
  :redirect process;
else
  if (do forward?) then (yes)
    :Forward request;
  else (no)
    :Render page template;
  endif
endif

stop

@enduml

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判断的样式

inside 样式 (默认)

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@startuml
skinparam conditionStyle inside
start
repeat
  :act1;
  :act2;
repeatwhile (<b>end)
:act3;
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
start
repeat
  :act1;
  :act2;
repeatwhile (<b>end)
:act3;
@enduml

Diamond 样式

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@startuml
skinparam conditionStyle diamond
start
repeat
  :act1;
  :act2;
repeatwhile (<b>end)
:act3;
@enduml

InsideDiamond (或 Foo1) 样式

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@startuml
skinparam conditionStyle InsideDiamond
start
repeat
  :act1;
  :act2;
repeatwhile (<b>end)
:act3;
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
skinparam conditionStyle foo1
start
repeat
  :act1;
  :act2;
repeatwhile (<b>end)
:act3;
@enduml

[参考: QA-1290 and #400]

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判断的结束样式

Diamond 样式 (默认)

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@startuml
skinparam ConditionEndStyle diamond
:A;
if (decision) then (yes)
    :B1;
else (no)
endif
:C;
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
skinparam ConditionEndStyle diamond
:A;
if (decision) then (yes)
    :B1;
else (no)
    :B2;
endif
:C;
@enduml
@enduml

水平线 (hline) 样式

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
skinparam ConditionEndStyle hline
:A;
if (decision) then (yes)
    :B1;
else (no)
endif
:C;
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
skinparam ConditionEndStyle hline
:A;
if (decision) then (yes)
    :B1;
else (no)
    :B2;
endif
:C;
@enduml
@enduml

[Ref. QA-4015]

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使用 sytle 定义 (全局) 样式

无样式 (默认)

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@startuml
start
:init;
-> test of color;
if (color?) is (<color:red>red) then
:print red;
else 
:print not red;
note right: no color
endif
partition End {
:end;
}
-> this is the end;
end
@enduml

有样式

你可以使用 style 节点去定义样式然后改变渲染。

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
<style>
activityDiagram {
  BackgroundColor #33668E
  BorderColor #33668E
  FontColor #888
  FontName arial

  diamond {
    BackgroundColor #ccf
    LineColor #00FF00
    FontColor green
    FontName arial
    FontSize 15
  }
  arrow {
    FontColor gold
    FontName arial
    FontSize 15
  }
  partition {
    LineColor red
    FontColor green
    RoundCorner 10
    BackgroundColor PeachPuff
  }
  note {
    FontColor Blue
    LineColor Navy
    BackgroundColor #ccf
  }
}
document {
   BackgroundColor transparent
}
</style>
start
:init;
-> test of color;
if (color?) is (<color:red>red) then
:print red;
else 
:print not red;
note right: no color
endif
partition End {
:end;
}
-> this is the end;
end
@enduml

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Creole on Activity

You can use Creole or HTML Creole on Activity diagram:

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@startuml
:Creole:
  wave: ~~wave~~
  bold: **bold**
  italics: //italics//
  monospaced: ""monospaced""
  stricken-out: --stricken-out--
  underlined: __underlined__
  not-underlined: ~__not underlined__
  wave-underlined: ~~wave-underlined~~;
:HTML Creole:
  bold: <b>bold
  italics: <i>italics
  monospaced: <font:monospaced>monospaced
  stroked: <s>stroked
  underlined: <u>underlined
  waved: <w>waved
  green-stroked: <s:green>stroked
  red-underlined: <u:red>underlined
  blue-waved: <w:#0000FF>waved
  Blue: <color:blue>Blue
  Orange: <back:orange>Orange background
  big: <size:20>big;
:Graphic:
  OpenIconic: account-login <&account-login> 
  Unicode: This is <U+221E> long
  Emoji: <:calendar:> Calendar
  Image:
  <img:https://plantuml.com/logo3.png>;
@enduml