PlantUML Language specification Sequence Diagram

       

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时序图

• 文本输入，图形输出。 源代码是唯一可信来源，所写即所得。
• 易于编辑。 修改一行文本，而不是拖动方框。
• 快速迭代。 实时预览工具在您输入时即时渲染，便于尽早发现错误。

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基本示例

@startuml Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response Alice -> Bob: Another authentication Request Alice <-- Bob: Another authentication Response @enduml

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声明参与者

• actor（角色）
• boundary（边界）
• control（控制）
• entity（实体）
• database（数据库）
• collections（集合）
• queue（队列）

@startuml participant Participant as Foo actor Actor as Foo1 boundary Boundary as Foo2 control Control as Foo3 entity Entity as Foo4 database Database as Foo5 collections Collections as Foo6 queue Queue as Foo7 Foo -> Foo1 : To actor Foo -> Foo2 : To boundary Foo -> Foo3 : To control Foo -> Foo4 : To entity Foo -> Foo5 : To database Foo -> Foo6 : To collections Foo -> Foo7: To queue @enduml

@startuml actor Bob #red ' The only difference between actor 'and participant is the drawing participant Alice participant "I have a really\nlong name" as L #99FF99 /' You can also declare: participant L as "I have a really\nlong name" #99FF99 '/ Alice->Bob: Authentication Request Bob->Alice: Authentication Response Bob->L: Log transaction @enduml

@startuml participant Last order 30 participant Middle order 20 participant First order 10 @enduml

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多行定义参与者

@startuml participant Participant [ =Title ---- ""打算"" ] participant Bob Participant -> Bob @enduml

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在参与者中使用非字母

@startuml Alice -> "Bob()" : Hello "Bob()" -> "This is very\nlong" as Long ' You can also declare: ' "Bob()" -> Long as "This is very\nlong" Long --> "Bob()" : ok @enduml

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给自己发消息

@startuml Alice -> Alice: This is a signal to self.\nIt also demonstrates\nmultiline \ntext @enduml

@startuml Alice <- Alice: This is a signal to self.\nIt also demonstrates\nmultiline \ntext @enduml

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文本对齐

@startuml skinparam sequenceMessageAlign right Bob -> Alice : Request Alice -> Bob : Response @enduml

让响应信息显示在箭头下面

@startuml skinparam responseMessageBelowArrow true Bob -> Alice : hello Bob <- Alice : ok @enduml

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Change Actor style

• an awesome man with the skinparam actorStyle awesome command;
• a hollow man with the skinparam actorStyle hollow command.

Stick man (by default)

@startuml actor Alice actor Bob Alice -> Bob : hello hide footbox @enduml

Awesome man

@startuml skinparam actorStyle awesome actor Alice actor Bob Alice -> Bob : hello hide footbox @enduml

Hollow man

@startuml skinparam actorStyle Hollow actor Alice actor Bob Alice -> Bob : hello hide footbox @enduml

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改变箭头样式

• 添加最后的x 表示丢失的信息
• 使用\ 或/ 而不是< 或> 只拥有箭头的底部或顶部部分
• 重复箭头头（例如>> 或// ）头，拥有一个薄的图纸
• 使用-- 而不是- 拥有一个点状箭头
• 在箭头头添加最后的 "o"
• 使用双向的箭头<->

@startuml Bob ->x Alice Bob -> Alice Bob ->> Alice Bob -\ Alice Bob \\- Alice Bob //-- Alice Bob ->o Alice Bob o\\-- Alice Bob <-> Alice Bob <->o Alice @enduml

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修改箭头颜色

@startuml Bob -[#red]> Alice : hello Alice -[#0000FF]->Bob : ok @enduml

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对消息序列编号

@startuml autonumber Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response @enduml

@startuml autonumber Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response autonumber 15 Bob -> Alice : Another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Another authentication Response autonumber 40 10 Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response @enduml

@startuml autonumber "<b>[000]" Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response autonumber 15 "<b>(<u>##</u>)" Bob -> Alice : Another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Another authentication Response autonumber 40 10 "<font color=red><b>Message 0 " Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response @enduml

@startuml autonumber 10 10 "<b>[000]" Bob -> Alice : Authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Authentication Response autonumber stop Bob -> Alice : dummy autonumber resume "<font color=red><b>Message 0 " Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response autonumber stop Bob -> Alice : dummy autonumber resume 1 "<font color=blue><b>Message 0 " Bob -> Alice : Yet another authentication Request Bob <- Alice : Yet another authentication Response @enduml

@startuml autonumber 1.1.1 Alice -> Bob: Authentication request Bob --> Alice: Response autonumber inc A 'Now we have 2.1.1 Alice -> Bob: Another authentication request Bob --> Alice: Response autonumber inc B 'Now we have 2.2.1 Alice -> Bob: Another authentication request Bob --> Alice: Response autonumber inc A 'Now we have 3.1.1 Alice -> Bob: Another authentication request autonumber inc B 'Now we have 3.2.1 Bob --> Alice: Response @enduml

@startuml autonumber 10 Alice -> Bob note right the <U+0025>autonumber<U+0025> works everywhere. Here, its value is ** %autonumber% ** end note Bob --> Alice: //This is the response %autonumber%// @enduml

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页面标题、页眉和页脚

@startuml header Page Header footer Page %page% of %lastpage% title Example Title Alice -> Bob : message 1 Alice -> Bob : message 2 @enduml

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分割示意图

@startuml Alice -> Bob : message 1 Alice -> Bob : message 2 newpage Alice -> Bob : message 3 Alice -> Bob : message 4 newpage A title for the\nlast page Alice -> Bob : message 5 Alice -> Bob : message 6 @enduml

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组合消息

• alt/else
• opt
• loop
• par
• break
• critical
• group, 后面紧跟着消息内容

@startuml Alice -> Bob: 认证请求 alt 成功情况 Bob -> Alice: 认证接受 else 某种失败情况 Bob -> Alice: 认证失败 group 我自己的标签 Alice -> Log : 开始记录攻击日志 loop 1000次 Alice -> Bob: DNS 攻击 end Alice -> Log : 结束记录攻击日志 end else 另一种失败 Bob -> Alice: 请重复 end @enduml

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次级分组标签

@startuml Alice -> Bob: 认证请求 Bob -> Alice: 认证失败 group 我自己的标签 [我自己的标签2] Alice -> Log : 开始记录攻击日志 loop 1000次 Alice -> Bob: DNS攻击 end Alice -> Log : 结束记录攻击日志 end @enduml

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Partition across the entire width

Messages are not grouped horizontally across the entire width (by default)

@startuml participant a partition p1 b -> c: msg c --> b: OK note right: Some right note end partition p2 a -> b: msg note left: Some left note end @enduml

Grouping messages horizontally across the entire width (with teoz mode)

@startuml !pragma teoz true participant a partition p1 b -> c: msg c --> b: OK note right: Some right note end partition p2 a -> b: msg note left: Some left note end @enduml

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注释信息

@startuml Alice->Bob : hello note left: this is a first note Bob->Alice : ok note right: this is another note Bob->Bob : I am thinking note left a note can also be defined on several lines end note @enduml

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其他的注释信息方式

@startuml participant Alice participant Bob note left of Alice #aqua This is displayed left of Alice. end note note right of Alice: This is displayed right of Alice. note over Alice: This is displayed over Alice. note over Alice, Bob #FFAAAA: This is displayed\n over Bob and Alice. note over Bob, Alice This is yet another example of a long note. end note @enduml

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改变备注框的形状 [hnote和rnote]

• hnote代表六边形（hexagonal）的备注框；
• rnote代表正方形（rectangle）的备注框。

@startuml caller -> server : conReq hnote over caller : 空闲 caller <- server : conConf rnote over server "r"是正方形 "h"是六边形 endrnote rnote over server 多 行 文本 endrnote hnote over caller 多 行 文本 endhnote @enduml

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在多个参与者添加备注 [across]

• note across: 备注描述

@startuml Alice->Bob:m1 Bob->Charlie:m2 note over Alice, Charlie: 创建跨越所有参与者的备注的旧方法：\n ""note over //FirstPart, LastPart//"". note across: 新方法：\n""note across"" Bob->Alice hnote across: 跨越所有参与者的备注。 @enduml

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在同一级对齐多个备注 [/]

• 没有/ （默认情况下，备注不是对齐的。）

@startuml note over Alice : Alice的初始状态 note over Bob : Bob的初始状态 Bob -> Alice : hello @enduml

• with / (the notes are aligned)

@startuml note over Alice : Alice的初始状态 / note over Bob : Bob的初始状态 Bob -> Alice : hello @enduml

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Creole和HTML

@startuml participant Alice participant "The **Famous** Bob" as Bob Alice -> Bob : hello --there-- ... Some ~~long delay~~ ... Bob -> Alice : ok note left This is **bold** This is //italics// This is ""monospaced"" This is --stroked-- This is __underlined__ This is ~~waved~~ end note Alice -> Bob : A //well formatted// message note right of Alice This is <back:cadetblue><size:18>displayed</size></back> __left of__ Alice. end note note left of Bob <u:red>This</u> is <color #118888>displayed</color> **<color purple>left of</color> <s:red>Alice</strike> Bob**. end note note over Alice, Bob <w:#FF33FF>This is hosted</w> by <img sourceforge.jpg> end note @enduml

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分隔符

@startuml == 初始化 == Alice -> Bob: 认证请求 Bob --> Alice: 认证响应 == 重复 == Alice -> Bob: 认证请求 Alice <-- Bob: 认证响应 @enduml

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引用

@startuml participant Alice actor Bob ref over Alice, Bob : init Alice -> Bob : hello ref over Bob This can be on several lines end ref @enduml

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延迟

@startuml Alice -> Bob: 认证请求 ... Bob --> Alice: 认证响应 ...5分钟后... Bob --> Alice: 再见！ @enduml

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文本换行

@startuml skinparam maxMessageSize 50 participant a participant b a -> b :这\n一条\n是\n手动换行 a -> b :this is a very long message on several words @enduml

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Message text spans beyond the involved participants

Without sequenceMessageSpan (by default)

@startuml ParticipantNumber1 -> ParticipantNumber2 : this is a very long message that is very long ParticipantNumber1 -> ParticipantNumber1 : this is a very long message that is very long ParticipantNumber2 -> ParticipantNumber3 : foo2 @enduml

With sequenceMessageSpan (on teoz mode)

@startuml !pragma teoz true !pragma sequenceMessageSpan true ParticipantNumber1 -> ParticipantNumber2 : this is a very long message that is very long ParticipantNumber1 -> ParticipantNumber1 : this is a very long message that is very long ParticipantNumber2 -> ParticipantNumber3 : foo2 @enduml

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空间

@startuml Alice -> Bob: message 1 Bob --> Alice: ok ||| Alice -> Bob: message 2 Bob --> Alice: ok ||45|| Alice -> Bob: message 3 Bob --> Alice: ok @enduml

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生命线的激活与撤销

@startuml participant User User -> A: DoWork activate A A -> B: << createRequest >> activate B B -> C: DoWork activate C C --> B: WorkDone destroy C B --> A: RequestCreated deactivate B A -> User: Done deactivate A @enduml

@startuml participant User User -> A: DoWork activate A #FFBBBB A -> A: Internal call activate A #DarkSalmon A -> B: << createRequest >> activate B B --> A: RequestCreated deactivate B deactivate A A -> User: Done deactivate A @enduml

@startuml autoactivate on alice -> bob : hello bob -> bob : self call bill -> bob #005500 : hello from thread 2 bob -> george ** : create return done in thread 2 return rc bob -> george !! : delete return success @enduml

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返回

@startuml Bob -> Alice : hello activate Alice Alice -> Alice : some action return bye @enduml

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创建参与者

@startuml Bob -> Alice : hello create Other Alice -> Other : new create control String Alice -> String note right : You can also put notes! Alice --> Bob : ok @enduml

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激活、撤销和创建的快捷语法。

• ++ 激活目标（可选择在后面加上#color）
• -- 撤销激活源
• ** 创建目标实例
• !! 摧毁目标实例

@startuml alice -> bob ++ : hello bob -> bob ++ : self call bob -> bib ++ #005500 : hello bob -> george ** : create return done return rc bob -> george !! : delete return success @enduml

@startuml alice -> bob ++ : hello1 bob -> charlie --++ : hello2 charlie --> alice -- : ok @enduml

@startuml @startuml alice -> bob --++ #gold: hello bob -> alice --++ #gold: you too alice -> bob --: step1 alice -> bob : step2 @enduml @enduml

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进入和发出消息

@startuml [-> A: DoWork activate A A -> A: Internal call activate A A ->] : << createRequest >> A<--] : RequestCreated deactivate A [<- A: Done deactivate A @enduml

@startuml participant Alice participant Bob #lightblue Alice -> Bob Bob -> Carol ... [-> Bob [o-> Bob [o->o Bob [x-> Bob ... [<- Bob [x<- Bob ... Bob ->] Bob ->o] Bob o->o] Bob ->x] ... Bob <-] Bob x<-] @enduml

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缩短的进入信息与发出信息箭头

@startuml ?-> Alice : ""?->""\n**short** to actor1 [-> Alice : ""[->""\n**from start** to actor1 [-> Bob : ""[->""\n**from start** to actor2 ?-> Bob : ""?->""\n**short** to actor2 Alice ->] : ""->]""\nfrom actor1 **to end** Alice ->? : ""->?""\n**short** from actor1 Alice -> Bob : ""->"" \nfrom actor1 to actor2 @enduml

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锚点和持续时间

@startuml !pragma teoz true {start} Alice -> Bob : start doing things during duration Bob -> Max : something Max -> Bob : something else {end} Bob -> Alice : finish {start} <-> {end} : some time @enduml

java -jar plantuml.jar -Pteoz=true

[Ref. issue-582]

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构造类型和圈点

@startuml participant "Famous Bob" as Bob << Generated >> participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) Testable >> Bob->Alice: First message @enduml

@startuml skinparam guillemet false participant "Famous Bob" as Bob << Generated >> participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) Testable >> Bob->Alice: First message @enduml

@startuml participant Bob << (C,#ADD1B2) >> participant Alice << (C,#ADD1B2) >> Bob->Alice: First message @enduml

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Position of the stereotypes

Top postion (by default)

@startuml skinparam stereotypePosition top participant A<<st1>> participant B<<st2>> A --> B : stereo test @enduml

Bottom postion

@startuml skinparam stereotypePosition bottom participant A<<st1>> participant B<<st2>> A --> B : stereo test @enduml

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更多标题信息

@startuml title __Simple__ **communication** example Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response @enduml

@startuml title __Simple__ communication example\non several lines Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response @enduml

@startuml title <u>Simple</u> communication example on <i>several</i> lines and using <font color=red>html</font> This is hosted by <img:sourceforge.jpg> end title Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob -> Alice: Authentication Response @enduml

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包裹参与者

@startuml box "Internal Service" #LightBlue participant Bob participant Alice end box participant Other Bob -> Alice : hello Alice -> Other : hello @enduml

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移除脚注

@startuml hide footbox title Footer removed Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response @enduml

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外观参数(skinparam)

• 在图示的定义中，
• 在引入的文件中，
• 在命令行或者ANT任务提供的配置文件中。

@startuml skinparam sequenceArrowThickness 2 skinparam roundcorner 20 skinparam maxmessagesize 60 skinparam sequenceParticipant underline actor User participant "First Class" as A participant "Second Class" as B participant "Last Class" as C User -> A: DoWork activate A A -> B: Create Request activate B B -> C: DoWork activate C C --> B: WorkDone destroy C B --> A: Request Created deactivate B A --> User: Done deactivate A @enduml

@startuml skinparam backgroundColor #EEEBDC skinparam handwritten true skinparam sequence { ArrowColor DeepSkyBlue ActorBorderColor DeepSkyBlue LifeLineBorderColor blue LifeLineBackgroundColor #A9DCDF ParticipantBorderColor DeepSkyBlue ParticipantBackgroundColor DodgerBlue ParticipantFontName Impact ParticipantFontSize 17 ParticipantFontColor #A9DCDF ActorBackgroundColor aqua ActorFontColor DeepSkyBlue ActorFontSize 17 ActorFontName Aapex } actor User participant "First Class" as A participant "Second Class" as B participant "Last Class" as C User -> A: DoWork activate A A -> B: Create Request activate B B -> C: DoWork activate C C --> B: WorkDone destroy C B --> A: Request Created deactivate B A --> User: Done deactivate A @enduml

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填充区设置

@startuml skinparam ParticipantPadding 20 skinparam BoxPadding 10 box "Foo1" participant Alice1 participant Alice2 end box box "Foo2" participant Bob1 participant Bob2 end box Alice1 -> Bob1 : hello Alice1 -> Out : out @enduml

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附录：箭头类型大全

普通箭头

@startuml participant Alice as a participant Bob as b a -> b : ""-> "" a ->> b : ""->> "" a -\ b : ""-\ "" a -\\ b : ""-\\\\"" a -/ b : ""-/ "" a -// b : ""-// "" a ->x b : ""->x "" a x-> b : ""x-> "" a o-> b : ""o-> "" a ->o b : ""->o "" a o->o b : ""o->o "" a <-> b : ""<-> "" a o<->o b : ""o<->o"" a x<->x b : ""x<->x"" a ->>o b : ""->>o "" a -\o b : ""-\o "" a -\\o b : ""-\\\\o"" a -/o b : ""-/o "" a -//o b : ""-//o "" a x->o b : ""x->o "" @enduml

进入信息和发出信息（使用'[', ']'）

进入信息（使用'['）

@startuml participant Alice as a participant Bob as b [-> b : ""[-> "" [->> b : ""[->> "" [-\ b : ""[-\ "" [-\\ b : ""[-\\\\"" [-/ b : ""[-/ "" [-// b : ""[-// "" [->x b : ""[->x "" [x-> b : ""[x-> "" [o-> b : ""[o-> "" [->o b : ""[->o "" [o->o b : ""[o->o "" [<-> b : ""[<-> "" [o<->o b : ""[o<->o"" [x<->x b : ""[x<->x"" [->>o b : ""[->>o "" [-\o b : ""[-\o "" [-\\o b : ""[-\\\\o"" [-/o b : ""[-/o "" [-//o b : ""[-//o "" [x->o b : ""[x->o "" @enduml

发出信息（使用']'）

@startuml participant Alice as a participant Bob as b a ->] : ""->] "" a ->>] : ""->>] "" a -\] : ""-\] "" a -\\] : ""-\\\\]"" a -/] : ""-/] "" a -//] : ""-//] "" a ->x] : ""->x] "" a x->] : ""x->] "" a o->] : ""o->] "" a ->o] : ""->o] "" a o->o] : ""o->o] "" a <->] : ""<->] "" a o<->o] : ""o<->o]"" a x<->x] : ""x<->x]"" a ->>o] : ""->>o] "" a -\o] : ""-\o] "" a -\\o] : ""-\\\\o]"" a -/o] : ""-/o] "" a -//o] : ""-//o] "" a x->o] : ""x->o] "" @enduml

短进入信息和短发出信息（使用'?'）

短进入信息（使用'?'）

@startuml participant Alice as a participant Bob as b a -> b : //Long long label// ?-> b : ""?-> "" ?->> b : ""?->> "" ?-\ b : ""?-\ "" ?-\\ b : ""?-\\\\"" ?-/ b : ""?-/ "" ?-// b : ""?-// "" ?->x b : ""?->x "" ?x-> b : ""?x-> "" ?o-> b : ""?o-> "" ?->o b : ""?->o "" ?o->o b : ""?o->o "" ?<-> b : ""?<-> "" ?o<->o b : ""?o<->o"" ?x<->x b : ""?x<->x"" ?->>o b : ""?->>o "" ?-\o b : ""?-\o "" ?-\\o b : ""?-\\\\o "" ?-/o b : ""?-/o "" ?-//o b : ""?-//o "" ?x->o b : ""?x->o "" @enduml

短发出信息（使用'?'）

@startuml participant Alice as a participant Bob as b a -> b : //Long long label// a ->? : ""->? "" a ->>? : ""->>? "" a -\? : ""-\? "" a -\\? : ""-\\\\?"" a -/? : ""-/? "" a -//? : ""-//? "" a ->x? : ""->x? "" a x->? : ""x->? "" a o->? : ""o->? "" a ->o? : ""->o? "" a o->o? : ""o->o? "" a <->? : ""<->? "" a o<->o? : ""o<->o?"" a x<->x? : ""x<->x?"" a ->>o? : ""->>o? "" a -\o? : ""-\o? "" a -\\o? : ""-\\\\o?"" a -/o? : ""-/o? "" a -//o? : ""-//o? "" a x->o? : ""x->o? "" @enduml

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特定外观参数

默认情况下

@startuml Bob -> Alice : hello Alice -> Bob : ok @enduml

生命线策略

• nosolid 虚线 （默认情况）

@startuml skinparam lifelineStrategy nosolid Bob -> Alice : hello Alice -> Bob : ok @enduml

• solid 实线

@startuml skinparam lifelineStrategy solid Bob -> Alice : hello Alice -> Bob : ok @enduml

style strictuml

• skinparam style strictuml

@startuml skinparam style strictuml Bob -> Alice : hello Alice -> Bob : ok @enduml

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隐藏孤立参与者

@startuml participant Alice participant Bob participant Carol Alice -> Bob : hello @enduml

@startuml hide unlinked participant Alice participant Bob participant Carol Alice -> Bob : hello @enduml

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给分组信息着色

@startuml Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request alt#Gold #LightBlue Successful case Bob -> Alice: Authentication Accepted else #Pink Failure Bob -> Alice: Authentication Rejected end @enduml

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Mainframe

@startuml mainframe This is a **mainframe** Alice->Bob : Hello @enduml

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Slanted or odd arrows

@startuml A ->(10) B: text 10 B ->(10) A: text 10 A ->(10) B: text 10 A (10)<- B: text 10 @enduml

@startuml A ->(40) B++: Rq B -->(20) A--: Rs @enduml

@startuml !pragma teoz true A ->(50) C: Starts\nwhen 'B' sends & B ->(25) C: \nBut B's message\n arrives before A's @enduml

@startuml !pragma teoz true S1 ->(30) S2: msg 1\n & S2 ->(30) S1: msg 2 note left S1: msg\nS2 to S1 & note right S2: msg\nS1 to S2 @enduml

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并行信息（使用 teoz）

@startuml !pragma teoz true Alice -> Bob : hello & Bob -> Charlie : hi @enduml

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Style for Solid Lifeline

By default

@startuml Alice -> Bob : hello ... Alice <- Bob : hello @enduml

Solid Lifeline using style

@startuml <style> lifeLine { LineStyle 0 } delay { LineStyle 1-4 } </style> Alice -> Bob : hello ... Alice <- Bob : hello @enduml