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PlantUML Language specification State Diagram

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状态图

状态图 提供了一个系统或对象可能处于的各种状态的视觉表示，以及状态之间的转换。它们在模拟系统的动态行为方面至关重要，捕获它们如何随着时间的推移响应不同的事件。状态图描述了系统的生命周期，使其行为更易于理解、设计和优化。

使用 PlantUML 创建状态图提供了几个优势：
  • 基于文本的语言：快速定义并可视化状态和转换，无需手动绘图的麻烦。
  • 效率与一致性：确保流线型的图表创建和简单的版本控制。
  • 多功能性：与各种文档平台集成，并支持多种输出格式。
  • 开源和社区支持：由一个强大的社区支持，该社区不断为其改进作出贡献，并提供无价的资源。

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普通状态

使用([*])绘制状态图的起点或终点。

使用-->添加箭头。

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@startuml

[*] --> State1
State1 --> [*]
State1 : this is a string
State1 : this is another string

State1 -> State2
State2 --> [*]

@enduml

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简化状态

你可以使用隐藏空描述，即 hide empty description 关键字，渲染一个简单的状态。

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
hide empty description
[*] --> 状态1
状态1 --> [*]
状态1 : 这是一段字符串
状态1 : 这是另一段字符串

状态1 -> 状态2
状态2 --> [*]
@enduml

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复杂状态

一个状态也可能是嵌套的，必须使用关键字state和花括号来定义复杂状态。

内部子状态

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@startuml
scale 350 width
[*] --> NotShooting

state NotShooting {
  [*] --> Idle
  Idle --> Configuring : EvConfig
  Configuring --> Idle : EvConfig
}

state Configuring {
  [*] --> NewValueSelection
  NewValueSelection --> NewValuePreview : EvNewValue
  NewValuePreview --> NewValueSelection : EvNewValueRejected
  NewValuePreview --> NewValueSelection : EvNewValueSaved

  state NewValuePreview {
     State1 -> State2
  }

}
@enduml

子状态间的连接

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@startuml
state A {
  state X {
  }
  state Y {
  }
}
 
state B {
  state Z {
  }
}

X --> Z
Z --> Y
@enduml

[Ref. QA-3300]

WARNING
 This translation need to be updated. 
WARNING

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长状态名

也可以使用关键字state来给状态描述较长的状态名，并定义其指代名。

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@startuml
scale 600 width

[*] -> State1
State1 --> State2 : Succeeded
State1 --> [*] : Aborted
State2 --> State3 : Succeeded
State2 --> [*] : Aborted
state State3 {
  state "Accumulate Enough Data\nLong State Name" as long1
  long1 : Just a test
  [*] --> long1
  long1 --> long1 : New Data
  long1 --> ProcessData : Enough Data
}
State3 --> State3 : Failed
State3 --> [*] : Succeeded / Save Result
State3 --> [*] : Aborted

@enduml

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历史状态 [[H], [H*]]

在嵌套状态中，你可以用 [H] 来表示历史状态， [H*] 表示深层历史状态.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
[*] -> State1
State1 --> State2 : Succeeded
State1 --> [*] : Aborted
State2 --> State3 : Succeeded
State2 --> [*] : Aborted
state State3 {
  state "Accumulate Enough Data" as long1
  long1 : Just a test
  [*] --> long1
  long1 --> long1 : New Data
  long1 --> ProcessData : Enough Data
  State2 --> [H]: Resume
}
State3 --> State2 : Pause
State2 --> State3[H*]: DeepResume
State3 --> State3 : Failed
State3 --> [*] : Succeeded / Save Result
State3 --> [*] : Aborted
@enduml

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分支状态 [fork, join]

你可以使用版型 <<fork>> 和 <<join>> 来表示状态的分叉及合并。

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml

state fork_state <<fork>>
[*] --> fork_state
fork_state --> State2
fork_state --> State3

state join_state <<join>>
State2 --> join_state
State3 --> join_state
join_state --> State4
State4 --> [*]

@enduml

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并发状态 [--, ||]

用-- or ||作为分隔符来合成并发状态。

水平分隔 --

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@startuml
[*] --> Active

state Active {
  [*] -> NumLockOff
  NumLockOff --> NumLockOn : EvNumLockPressed
  NumLockOn --> NumLockOff : EvNumLockPressed
  --
  [*] -> CapsLockOff
  CapsLockOff --> CapsLockOn : EvCapsLockPressed
  CapsLockOn --> CapsLockOff : EvCapsLockPressed
  --
  [*] -> ScrollLockOff
  ScrollLockOff --> ScrollLockOn : EvCapsLockPressed
  ScrollLockOn --> ScrollLockOff : EvCapsLockPressed
}

@enduml

竖直分隔 ||

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
[*] --> Active

state Active {
  [*] -> NumLockOff
  NumLockOff --> NumLockOn : EvNumLockPressed
  NumLockOn --> NumLockOff : EvNumLockPressed
  ||
  [*] -> CapsLockOff
  CapsLockOff --> CapsLockOn : EvCapsLockPressed
  CapsLockOn --> CapsLockOff : EvCapsLockPressed
  ||
  [*] -> ScrollLockOff
  ScrollLockOff --> ScrollLockOn : EvCapsLockPressed
  ScrollLockOn --> ScrollLockOff : EvCapsLockPressed
}

@enduml

*[Ref. [QA-3086](https://forum.plantuml.net/3086/state-diagram-concurrent-state-horizontal-line)]*
WARNING
 This translation need to be updated. 
WARNING

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选择结点 [choice]

版型 <<choice>>可以用来表示一个选择结点，表示状态条件。

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
state "Req(Id)" as ReqId <<sdlreceive>>
state "Minor(Id)" as MinorId
state "Major(Id)" as MajorId
 
state c <<choice>>
 
Idle --> ReqId
ReqId --> c
c --> MinorId : [Id <= 10]
c --> MajorId : [Id > 10]
@enduml

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一个使用版型的完整样例 [start, choice, fork, join, end]

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
state start1  <<start>>
state choice1 <<choice>>
state fork1   <<fork>>
state join2   <<join>>
state end3    <<end>>

[*]     --> choice1 : from start\nto choice
start1  --> choice1 : from start stereo\nto choice

choice1 --> fork1   : from choice\nto fork
choice1 --> join2   : from choice\nto join
choice1 --> end3    : from choice\nto end stereo

fork1   ---> State1 : from fork\nto state
fork1   --> State2  : from fork\nto state

State2  --> join2   : from state\nto join
State1  --> [*]     : from state\nto end

join2   --> [*]     : from join\nto end
@enduml

[参考QA-404,QA-1159和GH-887]

[Ref. QA-19174]
WARNING
 This translation need to be updated. 
WARNING

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入口和出口 [entryPoint, exitPoint]

你可以用以下版型给合成状态添加入口结点<<entryPoint>>和出口结点 <<exitPoint>>。

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
state Somp {
  state entry1 <<entryPoint>>
  state entry2 <<entryPoint>>
  state sin
  entry1 --> sin
  entry2 -> sin
  sin -> sin2
  sin2 --> exitA <<exitPoint>>
}

[*] --> entry1
exitA --> Foo
Foo1 -> entry2
@enduml

WARNING
 This translation need to be updated. 
WARNING

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引脚 [inputPin, outputPin]

你可以用以下版型添加引脚结点<<inputPin>>和 <<outputPin>>。

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
state Somp {
  state entry1 <<inputPin>>
  state entry2 <<inputPin>>
  state sin
  entry1 --> sin
  entry2 -> sin
  sin -> sin2
  sin2 --> exitA <<outputPin>>
}

[*] --> entry1
exitA --> Foo
Foo1 -> entry2
@enduml

[Ref.QA-4309]

WARNING
 This translation need to be updated. 
WARNING

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扩展 [expansionInput, expansionOutput]

你可以用以下版型添加扩展结点<<expansionInput>>和 <<expansionOutput>>。

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
state Somp {
  state entry1 <<expansionInput>>
  state entry2 <<expansionInput>>
  state sin
  entry1 --> sin
  entry2 -> sin
  sin -> sin2
  sin2 --> exitA <<expansionOutput>>
}

[*] --> entry1
exitA --> Foo
Foo1 -> entry2
@enduml

[Ref.QA-4309]

WARNING
 This translation need to be updated. 
WARNING

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箭头方向

使用->定义水平箭头，也可以使用下列格式强制设置箭头方向：
  • -down-> (default arrow)
  • -right-> or ->
  • -left->
  • -up->

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml

[*] -up-> First
First -right-> Second
Second --> Third
Third -left-> Last

@enduml

可以用首字母缩写或者开始的两个字母定义方向(如, -d-，-down-和-do-是完全等价的)。

请不要滥用这些功能，Graphviz不喜欢这样。

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更改箭头线条的颜色和风格

你可以更改线条的颜色及风格.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
State S1
State S2
S1 -[#DD00AA]-> S2
S1 -left[#yellow]-> S3
S1 -up[#red,dashed]-> S4
S1 -right[dotted,#blue]-> S5

X1 -[dashed]-> X2
Z1 -[dotted]-> Z2
Y1 -[#blue,bold]-> Y2
@enduml

[Ref. Incubation: Change line color in state diagrams]

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注释

可以用 note left of, note right of, note top of, note bottom of 关键字来定义注释。

还可以定义多行注释。

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@startuml

[*] --> Active
Active --> Inactive

note left of Active : this is a short\nnote

note right of Inactive
  A note can also
  be defined on
  several lines
end note

@enduml

以及浮动注释。

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@startuml

state foo
note "This is a floating note" as N1

@enduml

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在箭头上添加注释

你可以在连接箭头上使用 note on link 关键字来添加注释.

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@startuml
[*] -> State1
State1 --> State2
note on link 
  this is a state-transition note 
end note
@enduml

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给复杂状态添加注释

可以给嵌套的状态添加注释。

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml

[*] --> NotShooting

state "Not Shooting State" as NotShooting {
  state "Idle mode" as Idle
  state "Configuring mode" as Configuring
  [*] --> Idle
  Idle --> Configuring : EvConfig
  Configuring --> Idle : EvConfig
}

note right of NotShooting : This is a note on a composite state

@enduml

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颜色

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@startuml
state CurrentSite #pink {
    state HardwareSetup #lightblue {
       state Site #brown
        Site -[hidden]-> Controller
        Controller -[hidden]-> Devices
    }
    state PresentationSetup{
        Groups -[hidden]-> PlansAndGraphics
    }
    state Trends #FFFF77
    state Schedule #magenta
    state AlarmSupression
}
@enduml

[参考QA-1812]

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显示参数

用skinparam改变字体和颜色。

可以在如下场景中使用：

还可以为状态的构造类型指定特殊的字体和颜色。

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
skinparam backgroundColor LightYellow
skinparam state {
  StartColor MediumBlue
  EndColor Red
  BackgroundColor Peru
  BackgroundColor<<Warning>> Olive
  BorderColor Gray
  FontName Impact
}

[*] --> NotShooting

state "Not Shooting State" as NotShooting {
  state "Idle mode" as Idle <<Warning>>
  state "Configuring mode" as Configuring
  [*] --> Idle
  Idle --> Configuring : EvConfig
  Configuring --> Idle : EvConfig
}

NotShooting --> [*]
@enduml

状态图所有显示参数测试

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
skinparam State {
  AttributeFontColor blue
  AttributeFontName serif
  AttributeFontSize  9
  AttributeFontStyle italic
  BackgroundColor palegreen
  BorderColor violet
  EndColor gold
  FontColor red
  FontName Sanserif
  FontSize 15
  FontStyle bold
  StartColor silver
}

state A : a a a\na
state B : b b b\nb

[*] -> A  : start
A -> B : a2b
B -> [*] : end
@enduml

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Changing style

You can change style.

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml

<style>
stateDiagram {
  BackgroundColor Peru
  'LineColor Gray
  FontName Impact
  FontColor Red
  arrow {
    FontSize 13
    LineColor Blue
  }
}
</style>


[*] --> NotShooting

state "Not Shooting State" as NotShooting {
  state "Idle mode" as Idle <<Warning>>
  state "Configuring mode" as Configuring
  [*] --> Idle
  Idle --> Configuring : EvConfig
  Configuring --> Idle : EvConfig
}

NotShooting --> [*]
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
<style>
  diamond {
    BackgroundColor #palegreen
    LineColor #green
    LineThickness 2.5
}
</style>
state state1
state state2 
state choice1 <<choice>>
state end3    <<end>>

state1  --> choice1 : 1
choice1 --> state2  : 2
choice1 --> end3    : 3
@enduml

[Ref. GH-880]

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Change state color and style (inline style)

You can change the color or style of individual state using the following notation:

  • #color ##[style]color

With background color first (#color), then line style and line color (##[style]color ).

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
state FooGradient #red-green ##00FFFF
state FooDashed #red|green ##[dashed]blue {
}
state FooDotted ##[dotted]blue {
}
state FooBold ##[bold] {
}
state Foo1 ##[dotted]green {
state inner1 ##[dotted]yellow
}

state out ##[dotted]gold

state Foo2 ##[bold]green {
state inner2 ##[dotted]yellow
}
inner1 -> inner2
out -> inner2
@enduml

[Ref. QA-1487]

  • #color;line:color;line.[bold|dashed|dotted];text:color

FIXME
🚩 text:color seems not to be taken into account
FIXME

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
@startuml
state FooGradient #red-green;line:00FFFF
state FooDashed #red|green;line.dashed;line:blue {
}
state FooDotted #line.dotted;line:blue {
}
state FooBold #line.bold {
}
state Foo1 #line.dotted;line:green {
state inner1 #line.dotted;line:yellow
}

state out #line.dotted;line:gold

state Foo2 #line.bold;line:green {
state inner2 #line.dotted;line:yellow
}
inner1 -> inner2
out -> inner2
@enduml
@enduml

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
state s1 : s1 description
state s2 #pink;line:red;line.bold;text:red : s2 description
state s3 #palegreen;line:green;line.dashed;text:green : s3 description
state s4 #aliceblue;line:blue;line.dotted;text:blue   : s4 description
@enduml

[Adapted from QA-3770]

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别名

有了State，你可以使用alias ，比如。

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@startuml
state alias1 
state "alias2"
state "long name" as alias3
state alias4 as "long name"

alias1 : ""state alias1""
alias2 : ""state "alias2"""
alias3 : ""state "long name" as alias3""
alias4 : ""state alias4 as "long name"""

alias1 -> alias2
alias2 -> alias3
alias3 -> alias4
@enduml

或。

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@startuml
state alias1 : ""state alias1""
state "alias2" : ""state "alias2"""
state "long name" as alias3 : ""state "long name" as alias3""
state alias4 as "long name" : ""state alias4 as "long name"""

alias1 -> alias2
alias2 -> alias3
alias3 -> alias4
@enduml

[Ref. QA-1748, QA-14560]

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Display JSON Data on State diagram

Simple example

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@startuml
state "A" as stateA
state "C" as stateC {
 state B
}

json jsonJ {
   "fruit":"Apple",
   "size":"Large",
   "color": ["Red", "Green"]
}
@enduml

[Ref. QA-17275]

For another example, see on JSON page.

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State description

You can add description to a state or to a composite state.

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@startuml
hide empty description 

state s0

state "This is the State 1" as s1 {
  s1: State description
  state s2
  state s3: long descr.
  state s4
  s4: long descr.
}

[*] -> s0
s0 --> s2

s2 -> s3
s3 -> s4
@enduml

[Ref. QA-16719]

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Style for Nested State Body

🎉 Copied! 

@startuml
<style>
.foo {
  state,stateBody {
    BackGroundColor lightblue;
  }
}
</style>

state MainState <<foo>> {
  state SubA
}
@enduml

[Ref. QA-16774]

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