举几个例子： 用例 用例用圆括号括起来（两个圆括号看起来就像椭圆）。 也可以用关键字usecase来定义用例。 还可以用关键字as定义一个别名，这个别名可以在以后定义关系的时候使用。 🎉 Copied!  | @startuml
(First usecase)
(Another usecase) as (UC2)
usecase UC3
usecase (Last\nusecase) as UC4
@enduml
|
角色用两个冒号包裹起来。 也可以用actor关键字来定义角色。 还可以用关键字as来定义一个别名，这个别名可以在以后定义关系的时候使用。 在后面的例子中，我们会看到角色的定义是可选的。 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
:First Actor:
:Another\nactor: as Man2
actor Woman3
actor :Last actor: as Person1
@enduml
|
可以将角色的样式从默认的火柴人改成： - 用户头像样式：
skinparam actorStyle awesome - 透明人样式：
skinparam actorStyle hollow
火柴人 默认 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
:User: --> (Use)
"Main Admin" as Admin
"Use the application" as (Use)
Admin --> (Admin the application)
@enduml
|
用户头像 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
skinparam actorStyle awesome
:User: --> (Use)
"Main Admin" as Admin
"Use the application" as (Use)
Admin --> (Admin the application)
@enduml
|
[参见 QA-10493]透明人 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
skinparam actorStyle Hollow
:User: --> (Use)
"Main Admin" as Admin
"Use the application" as (Use)
Admin --> (Admin the application)
@enduml
|
[参见 PR#396] 如果想定义跨越多行的用例描述，可以用双引号将其裹起来。 还可以使用这些分隔符： --（横线）..（虚线）==（双横线）__（下划线）
并且还可以在分隔符中间放置标题。 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
usecase UC1 as "You can use
several lines to define your usecase.
You can also use separators.
--
Several separators are possible.
==
And you can add titles:
..Conclusion..
This allows large description."
@enduml
|
您可以一使用包来对角色或用例进行分组。 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
left to right direction
actor Guest as g
package Professional {
actor Chef as c
actor "Food Critic" as fc
}
package Restaurant {
usecase "Eat Food" as UC1
usecase "Pay for Food" as UC2
usecase "Drink" as UC3
usecase "Review" as UC4
}
fc --> UC4
g --> UC1
g --> UC2
g --> UC3
@enduml
|
您可以使用rectangle来改变包的外观。 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
left to right direction
actor "Food Critic" as fc
rectangle Restaurant {
usecase "Eat Food" as UC1
usecase "Pay for Food" as UC2
usecase "Drink" as UC3
}
fc --> UC1
fc --> UC2
fc --> UC3
@enduml
|
用箭头-->连接角色和用例。 横杠-越多，箭头越长。 通过在箭头定义的后面加一个冒号及文字的方式来添加标签。 在这个例子中，User并没有定义，而是直接拿来当做一个角色使用。 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
User -> (Start)
User --> (Use the application) : A small label
:Main Admin: ---> (Use the application) : This is\nyet another\nlabel
@enduml
|
如果一个角色或者用例继承于另一个，那么可以用<|--符号表示。 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
:Main Admin: as Admin
(Use the application) as (Use)
User <|-- Admin
(Start) <|-- (Use)
@enduml
|
可以用note left of , note right of , note top of , note bottom of等关键字给一个对象添加注释。 注释还可以通过note关键字来定义，然后用..连接其他对象。 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
:Main Admin: as Admin
(Use the application) as (Use)
User -> (Start)
User --> (Use)
Admin ---> (Use)
note right of Admin : This is an example.
note right of (Use)
A note can also
be on several lines
end note
note "This note is connected\nto several objects." as N2
(Start) .. N2
N2 .. (Use)
@enduml
|
用 << 和 >> 来定义角色或者用例的构造类型。 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
User << Human >>
:Main Database: as MySql << Application >>
(Start) << One Shot >>
(Use the application) as (Use) << Main >>
User -> (Start)
User --> (Use)
MySql --> (Use)
@enduml
|
默认连接是竖直方向的，用--表示，可以用一个横杠或点来表示水平连接。 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
:user: --> (Use case 1)
:user: -> (Use case 2)
@enduml
|
也可以通过翻转箭头来改变方向。 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
(Use case 1) <.. :user:
(Use case 2) <- :user:
@enduml
|
还可以通过给箭头添加left, right, up或down等关键字来改变方向。 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
:user: -left-> (dummyLeft)
:user: -right-> (dummyRight)
:user: -up-> (dummyUp)
:user: -down-> (dummyDown)
@enduml
|
这些方向关键字也可以只是用首字母或者前两个字母的缩写来代替。 但是请注意，这样的缩写不要乱用，Graphviz不喜欢这样。 用newpage关键字将图示分解为多个页面。 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
:actor1: --> (Usecase1)
newpage
:actor2: --> (Usecase2)
@enduml
|
默认从上往下构建图示。 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
'default
top to bottom direction
user1 --> (Usecase 1)
user2 --> (Usecase 2)
@enduml
|
你可以用left to right direction命令改变图示方向。 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
left to right direction
user1 --> (Usecase 1)
user2 --> (Usecase 2)
@enduml
|
用skinparam改变字体和颜色。 可以在如下场景中使用： 你也可以给构造的角色和用例指定特殊颜色和字体。 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
skinparam handwritten true
skinparam usecase {
BackgroundColor DarkSeaGreen
BorderColor DarkSlateGray
BackgroundColor<< Main >> YellowGreen
BorderColor<< Main >> YellowGreen
ArrowColor Olive
ActorBorderColor black
ActorFontName Courier
ActorBackgroundColor<< Human >> Gold
}
User << Human >>
:Main Database: as MySql << Application >>
(Start) << One Shot >>
(Use the application) as (Use) << Main >>
User -> (Start)
User --> (Use)
MySql --> (Use)
@enduml
|
🎉 Copied! | @startuml
left to right direction
skinparam packageStyle rectangle
actor customer
actor clerk
rectangle checkout {
customer -- (checkout)
(checkout) .> (payment) : include
(help) .> (checkout) : extends
(checkout) -- clerk
}
@enduml
|
你可以添加/ 来制作业务用例。 业务用例 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
(First usecase)/
(Another usecase)/ as (UC2)
usecase/ UC3
usecase/ (Last\nusecase) as UC4
@enduml
|
商业行为者 🎉 Copied! | @startuml
:First Actor:/
:Another\nactor:/ as Man2
actor/ Woman3
actor/ :Last actor: as Person1
@enduml
|
[Ref.QA-12179] You can change the color or style of individual arrows using the inline following notation: #color;line.[bold|dashed|dotted];text:color
🎉 Copied! | @startuml
actor foo
foo --> (bar) : normal
foo --> (bar1) #line:red;line.bold;text:red : red bold
foo --> (bar2) #green;line.dashed;text:green : green dashed
foo --> (bar3) #blue;line.dotted;text:blue : blue dotted
@enduml
|
[Ref. QA-3770 and QA-3816][See similar feature on deployment-diagram or class diagram] You can change the color or style of individual element using the following notation: #[color|back:color];line:color;line.[bold|dashed|dotted];text:color
🎉 Copied! | @startuml
actor a
actor b #pink;line:red;line.bold;text:red
usecase c #palegreen;line:green;line.dashed;text:green
usecase d #aliceblue;line:blue;line.dotted;text:blue
@enduml
|
[Ref. QA-5340 and adapted from QA-6852] | |
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